Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο βενθικό(ς); ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 15 - 100 m (Ref. 11230). Temperate; 43°N - 21°N, 116°E - 146°E
Northwest Pacific: western Japan to the East China Sea.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 73.8 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 117085); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 3.8 kg (Ref. 124479)
Inhabits coastal waters (Ref. 2113), with mud to sandy mud bottoms. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Αναφ.
123201): 13 - 24.8, mean 21.9 °C (based on 84 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Αναφ.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00557 - 0.01300), b=3.06 (2.94 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (100 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 32.4 [18.8, 61.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.331 [0.175, 0.577] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.589 [0.329, 0.982] g/100g; Selenium = 14.3 [7.1, 28.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.25 [3.09, 29.22] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.552 [0.400, 0.807] mg/100g (wet weight);
