Пластиножаберные (акулы и скаты) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Eponymy: Dr William Jacob Holland (1848–1932) was a Jamaican-born American Presbyterian minister, entomologist and palaeontologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jordan & Richardson.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / пределы глубины / distribution range
экология
морской демерсальный; пределы глубины 67 - 87 m (Ref. 106604). Tropical
Western Pacific: southern Japan (Ref. 559), East China Sea, Taiwan, and the South China Sea.
Size / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 106604)
Bottom-dwellers that feed on invertebrates and bony fish (Ref. 9908). Depth range given by H. Ishihara (pers.comm. 07/07). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.3-6.7 cm long and 2.7-3.9 cm wide (Ref. 41253, 41298).
Life cycle and mating behavior
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Fecundity | личинки
Oviparous (Ref. 9908). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Использование человеком
рыболовство: bycatch
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (ссылка
123201): 18.4 - 26.8, mean 25.2 °C (based on 82 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (ссылка
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (ссылка
69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка
120179): низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
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