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Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Cichlasomatinae
Etymology: Parachromis: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Issue
Reviewed in Kullander & Hartel, 1997, with redescription and photo, and lectotype designation of P. gulosus. Heros managuensis described in more detail in Günther 1868:463, pl. 77 (fig. 3). Reviewed by Bussing (1998: 367), with key, diagnosis, geographical distribution, and figures.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
; Água doce bentopelágico; pH range: 7.0 - 8.7; dH range: 10 - 15; intervalo de profundidade 3 - 10 m (Ref. 80549). Tropical; 25°C - 36°C (Ref. 36880); 37°N - 9°N
Central America: Atlantic slope from the Ulua River (Honduras) to the Matina River (Costa Rica).
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 40637); peso máx. publicado: 1.6 kg (Ref. 40637)
Descrição suscinta
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 17 - 18; Raios dorsais (total) : 10 - 11; Espinhos anais: 6 - 8; Raios anais : 11 - 12. This species is distinguished by its large mouth, projecting lower jaw, prominent enlarged canine teeth, black spots on fins and body, a more or less continuous black stripe between the eye and opercular margin, another between the eye and the lower angle of the opercle; a row of black blotches along the middle of the side. Distinguished from other members of the genus by having the preopercle expanded at the angle. Body color silvery or golden-green to purple; back moss green, sides with purple iridescence, belly whitish or yellowish; dorsal, anal and caudal fins with numerous black spots, interspaces whitish, yellowish or with blue iridescence; a black blotch on the caudal-fin base. Breeding females with stronger crimson hue to the gill cover.
Inhabits lakes, preferring turbid waters and mud bottoms of the highly eutrophic lakes (Ref. 7335). Found in springs and ponds over detritus and sand bottom (Ref. 5723). Commonly found in very warm, oxygen depleted inundation lakes (Ref. 8978). Highly predaceous, feeding mainly on small fishes and macroinvertebrates (Ref. 7335; 44091). Oviparous, spawns in batches (Ref. Highly esteemed as food fish (Ref. 44091). Maximum length 63 cm TL (Ref. 5723).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Deposits up to 5,000 eggs on rocks and other hard substrates; both parents guard the eggs and resulting fry (Ref. 44091). Reported to deposit up to 10,496 eggs (Ref. 80549).
Kullander, S.O., 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Potential pest
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; Aquacultura: espécies comerciais; Aquário: Espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02188 (0.01184 - 0.04042), b=3.13 (2.97 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (Assuming tm=1-2; Fec=10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
