分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Pampus cinereus is considered a valid species according to Liu et al., 2013 (Ref. 95516) and P. liuorum Liu & Li, 2013 (Ref. 95101) is a junior synonym of Pampus cinereus according to Yin et al., 2019 (Ref. 123875).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 110 m (Ref. 12260). 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 10°S, 47°E - 142°E
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Indonesia, north to Hokkaido, Japan. Extralimital captures have been made from the Adriatic and off Hawaii. Not recorded from Australasia. Northeastern Atlantic: 3 reports of capture reported from this area (Ref. 86350).
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到印尼, 北至日本北海道。 從亞得里亞海與外海的夏威夷已經被滅絕性的魚撈滅絕。 從大洋洲沒有紀錄。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 25.3, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9811); common length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9811); 最大年齡: 7 年 (Ref. 45538)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 37 - 43; 脊椎骨: 34 - 37. Body firm, very deep, oval, and compressed. Operculum absent; gill opening reduced to a vertical slit on the side of the body; gill membrane broadly united to isthmus. Dorsal and anal fins preceded by a series of 5 to 10 blade-like spines with anterior and posterior points. Pelvic fins absent. Caudal fin deeply forked, the lower lobe longer than the upper. Color is gray above grading to silvery white towards the belly, with small black dots all over the body. Fins are faintly yellow; vertical fins with dark edges.
身體結實的, 非常深的﹐橢圓形的﹐與扁長形的。 鰓蓋不存在; 縮小成一個垂直的裂縫鰓裂在身體側邊上; 鰓薄膜寬廣地連接到峽部了。 背鰭與臀鰭前面有有著前面與後面的點的一系列的 5 到 10根刀劍狀的棘了。 腹鰭不存在。 尾鰭深深地分岔, 下面的葉長度超過上面者。 色彩是灰色之上漸層色到銀白色向腹面, 在全身體有小的黑色點。 鰭微弱黃色; 垂直的鰭有深色的邊緣。
Inshore species, usually in schools over muddy bottoms, associated with fish species like Nemipterus and Leiognathus. Adults feed on ctenophores, salps, medusae, and other zooplankton groups. Western populations spawn from late winter through the summer with peaks from April to June. Sold fresh in local markets or shipped frozen to urban centers. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
沿海地區種, 通常成群聚集在泥沙底上面, 伴隨著魚種例如 Nemipterus 與 Leiognathus. 吃櫛水母，被囊動物，水母與其他的浮游動物群。 西方族群從冬季末經過產卵夏天在四月到六月達到高峰。 在地方市場中生鮮販賣或者把冷凍裝船運送給都市的中心了。 被用於中藥材了。 (參考文獻 12166)
印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣到印尼, 北至日本北海道。 從亞得里亞海與外海的夏威夷已經被滅絕性的魚撈滅絕。 從大洋洲沒有紀錄。
Haedrich, R.L., 1984. Stromateidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3517)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.9 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1636 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.01402 - 0.02362), b=3.02 (2.95 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.24-0.26; tmax=7; Fec=5,470).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 9 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.2 [12.9, 71.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.423 [0.222, 1.065] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.264 [0.154, 0.448] g/100g; Selenium = 68.2 [22.3, 198.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.21 [1.85, 26.63] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.442 [0.263, 0.770] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
