分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Ariidae (Sea catfishes)
海鯰科 (Sea catfishes) > Ariinae
Etymology: Carlarius: First part of the generic name honors Dr. Carl Ferraris, Research Associate at the California Academy of Sciences for his contribution to the knowledge of Siluriformes fishes and continuous support and encouragement throughout the development of this work; the second part is from the frequently used generic name Arius..
More on author: Günther.
Issue
A. latiscutatus has been considered as a junior synonym of A. gambensis (Bowdich, 1825) (e.g. Ref. 89460). According to Ref. 6541, the latter is evidently a species of Arius, but the description is inadequate to confirm its identity.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 70 m (Ref. 6541), usually ? - 30 m (Ref. 6541). 熱帶
Eastern Atlantic: coastal waters from Senegal to Angola (Ref. 3546, 3876, 7367, 57224). One record from Fernando Poo (Ref. 6541, 89460). Also reported from various river estuaries.
東大西洋: 達喀爾, 塞內加爾到安哥拉; 一個記錄來自費爾南多波島。 記錄來自甘比亞與尼日河流域下游了。 (參考文獻 13331)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 27.5, range 27 - 28 cm
Max length : 85.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 33115); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2683)
背棘 (總數) : 1; 背的軟條 (總數) : 7; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 14. Diagnosis: body elongated and rounded, head broad and only slightly flattened above, snout rounded, mouth inferior; osseous head shield coarsely rugose, fairly visible through the skin; occipital process prominently broad at base, tapering posteriorly, with a median keel; predorsal plate very rugose, short and crescent-shaped; premaxillary teeth villiform, forming a plate slightly curved; palatine teeth in two pairs of patches, an anterior subquadrate pair and a posterior elongated pair, the anterior one wider and continuous with the posterior patch; no gill-rakers on posterior (inner) face of the first and second branchial arches; total number of anterior gill-rakers: on 1st arch 17-22, on 2nd arch 18-23 (Ref. 3546, 7367, 57224, 81640). Dorsal and pectoral fins with a strong serrated, erectile spine; adipose fin well developed (Ref. 57224, 81640).
Mainly marine but frequently found in brackish estuaries, sometimes enters freshwater (Ref. 3876). Frequent in lagoons (Ref. 7367). Common during winter (Ref. 2683). Feeds on fish, benthic invertebrates, zooplankton and detritus (Ref. 28587). Wide range of diet including a high percentage of penaeid and other prawns, crabs, polychaetes, fish and molluscs (Ref. 57352, 81640). Eggs very few, spherical, very large (16-17 mm diameter); males practise buccal incubation (Ref. 57224) during which it seems the species continues to feed (Ref. 81640). Ornamental and sometimes considered aquaria fish (Ref. 27121), the fish is venomous and can be dangerous to humans (Ref. 12484).
主要海洋但是時常發現於半鹹淡的河口, 有時進入淡水.(參考文獻 3876) 普遍的在冬天期間.(參考文獻 2683) 吃魚，底棲的無脊椎動物，浮游動物與碎屑。 (參考文獻 28587) 裝飾性的而且有時被認為是水族館魚 (參考文獻 27121), 魚是有毒的而且可能是對人類具有危險性.(參考文獻 12484)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
東大西洋: 達喀爾, 塞內加爾到安哥拉; 一個記錄來自費爾南多波島。 記錄來自甘比亞與尼日河流域下游了。 (參考文獻 13331)
Schneider, W., 1990. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
工具
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22 - 27.9, mean 26.2 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00384 - 0.01719), b=3.06 (2.88 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 7.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 124 [27, 311] mg/100g; Iron = 0.964 [0.620, 1.615] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.7, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.245 [0.140, 0.433] g/100g; Selenium = 66.7 [36.8, 127.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.4 [6.4, 32.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.39 [0.54, 7.40] mg/100g (wet weight);
