Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; غير مهاجرة; نطاق العمق ? - 100 m (Ref. 53324). Subtropical; 23°S - 48°S, 68°W - 41°W
Southwest Atlantic: Sao Paulo, Brazil to Golfo San Jorge, Argentina.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 27569); common length : 48.6 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 27363); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 10.0 kg (Ref. 27569)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 4 - 5; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 24 - 27; شوكة شرجية: 1; أشعه شرجية لينه: 22 - 24. Body pale brown with several dark brown vertical and horizontal stripes composed of dark brown blotches. A row of dark brown blotches on middle of dorsal fin membrane. An obvious black blotch on base of upper lobe of caudal fin (Ref. 27363).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found on rocky and sandy bottoms in coastal waters (Ref. 53324). Oviparous with low batch fecundity (Ref. 53324). "We frequently catch P. semifasciata off the Rio de Janeiro coast. I have personally seen fish of 24 kg, with fish in the 12-18 kg range being fairly common (Capt. Eduardo Baumeier, pers. comm., 2001)." Ref. 27569 gave 10 kg as maximum weight.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Rosa, I.L. and R.S. Rosa, 1997. Systematic revision of the South American species of Pinguipedidae (Teleostei, Trachinoidei). Revta Bras. Zool. 14(4):845-865. (Ref. 27569)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 10.4 - 18.3, mean 14.5 °C (based on 176 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00551 - 0.01656), b=3.03 (2.87 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.9 ±0.68 se; based on food items.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Assuming tmax>10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.7 [28.8, 76.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.844 [0.552, 1.288] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.323 [0.224, 0.462] g/100g; Selenium = 32.9 [18.3, 59.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.2 [3.5, 23.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.584 [0.449, 0.797] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
