Ελασμοβράγχιοι (καρχαρίες και σαλάχια) (sharks and rays) >
Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) >
Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes)
Etymology: Rhinobatos: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek, batis, -idos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Περιβάλλον: περιβάλλον / κλιματική ζώνη / εύρος βάθους / εύρος διανομής
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 0 - 100 m (Ref. 12951). Subtropical; 44°N - 17°S, 19°W - 36°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Atlantic: southern Bay of Biscay to Angola, including Mediterranean Sea.
Μήκος κατά την πρώτη ωρίμανση / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Ηλικία
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm 87.0, range 79 - ? cm
Max length : 185 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 127374); common length : 80.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 3261); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 26.6 kg (Ref. 127374)
Σύντομη περιγραφή
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0. Rostral ridges widely separated over their entire length; anterior nasal lobe reaching to level of inner corner of nostril, posterior nasal flap wide; spiracle with two moderately developed folds, the outer one more prominent; thorns relatively small, present around inner margin of orbits, between spiracles, on shoulders, and along midline of disc and tail; Upper surface khaki-brown, underside white (Ref. 6675).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: flattened.
Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms, from the intertidal zone to about 100 m. Sometimes near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Slow swimming over bottom or partially buried. Feeds on benthic invertebrates, mainly crustaceans and small fishes. Males mature at ca. 56 cm TL, females at ca. 64 cm TL; born at ca. 25 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous, one or two litters per year with 4-10 embryos.
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). One or two litters per year, of 4-10 embryos (Ref. 6675)
Schneider, W., 1990. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)
Κατάσταση Κόκκινου Καταλόγου IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Απειλή για τον άνθρωπο
Harmless
Ανθρώπινες χρήσεις
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Ειδικές εκθέσεις
Λήψη XML
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Εκτιμήσεις βάσει μοντέλων
Προτιμώμενη θερμοκρασία (Αναφ.
123201): 19.2 - 28, mean 26.1 °C (based on 104 cells).
Δείκτης φυλογενετικής ποικιλότητας (Αναφ.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00204 (0.00162 - 0.00257), b=3.08 (3.02 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ.
69278): 4.1 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (tmax=5; Fec=4).
Ευπάθεια στην αλιεία (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
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Θρεπτικά συστατικά (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.2 [3.7, 87.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.646 [0.170, 1.792] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [17.7, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.236 [0.109, 0.521] g/100g; Selenium = 24.8 [7.5, 65.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.46 [2.60, 15.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.552 [0.281, 1.018] mg/100g (wet weight);