Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 10 - 100 m (Ref. 42788). Temperate; 17°S - 47°S
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand. Eastern Central Pacific: Tonga and Tahiti.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 42788)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0 - 4; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 16 - 20; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 15 - 19. Head and anterior body depressed. Body scales minute, randomly arranged. Pectoral fins with "squarish" appearance, dorsoposterior margin straight, middle ray longest. A mental barbel present on chin. Respiratory valve inside lower jaw with a dermal appendage expanded vertically in young, without appendage in adults. Both lips with labial fimbriae. Lower portion of body without dermal folds originating from anal fin rays (Ref 42788).
Ranging from estuaries to the continental shelf (Ref. 42788). Feeds on demersal fishes (Ref. 42788). Minimum depth range from Ref. 121942.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12 - 20.6, mean 16.6 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00263 - 0.01447), b=3.11 (2.90 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).