分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Orectolobiformes (Carpet sharks) >
Stegostomatidae (Zebra sharks)
Etymology: Stegostoma: stego (Gr.), cover; stoma (Gr.), mouth, referring to how “upper jaw is surmounted by a thick, membranous bulge” (translation), i.e., rounded snout conceals upper jaw and mouth opening. (See ETYFish); tigrinum: Latin for banded or striped, referring to zebra-like vertical bars on juveniles. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Forster.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 90 m (Ref. 106604), usually 5 - 30 m (Ref. 1602). 热带; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 41°N - 30°S, 32°E - 169°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to New Caledonia and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales, Australia. Recently recorded from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Also from Persian Gulf (Ref. 247).
印度-西太平洋: 红海而且东非到新加勒多尼亚, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲新南韦尔斯。 最近从东加记录。 (参考文献 53797)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 170 - ? cm
Max length : 354 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 58048)
This species is distinguished by the following characters: a long caudal fin (49.9-54.2% TL), five dorsolateral ridges along the body, visible even in hatchlings; spiracles bean-shaped, large (length 0.4-1.7% TL); eyes small (length 0.9-2.1% TL); barbels two and short (0.6-2.8% TL); gill slits five, with fourth and fifth partly fused so only four noticeable from a distance; pectoral fins large (anterior margin length 10.4-19.1% TL), are broad and rounded; first dorsal fin originates far posteriorly above the pelvic fins; pectoral-fin rays of semi-plesodic structure, reaching ca. 66-88% of pectoral fin; vertebrae; total 207-262, monospondylous precaudal 43-49, diplospondylous precaudal 38-50, diplospondylous caudal 120-175, precaudal vertebrae 81-101; tooth rows on upper jaw 13-30, on lower jaw 22-30, and series count, upper jaw: 7-27, lower 8-16; ring-type intestine with 18-20 valvular turns. Two color morphs, with a three-stage ontogenetic color and pattern change: the Zebra morph with juveniles with dark brown background and cream colored bands (zebra-like), transitionals light brown with dark bands, broken up by dots and adults beige to yellow with spotted pattern (can be leopard-like); the sandy color morph: transitionals light beige background with swirly pattern of narrow, darker brown bands with tiny spots breaking up the pattern and with adults uniformly sandy beige with tiny dark brown freckles (Ref. 125658).
头部有 5个小的鳃缝，最后的三在后胸鳍起源; 鼻孔接近吻部前面, 有短的用嘴巴连接他们的触须与鼻沟.(参考文献 4832)非常长的尾鳍, 几乎与身体的其他部分等长, 具有一个深的接近端位的凹槽但是有被刚刚发展的下面的叶.(参考文献 13575,6871) 黄褐色的有深褐色的斑点 (参考文献 391), 幼鱼黑色的有黄色的横带.(参考文献 5578) 成鱼有纵向的皮肤脊那是没有的当幼鱼时.(参考文献 391) 比大约 70 公分小的稚鱼, 显着不同; 深色且有白色的横带与斑点; 腹侧灰白的.(参考文献 6781) 胸鳍大的而且宽广地圆的.(参考文献 6871)
A tropical inshore shark found on sand, rubble, or coral bottoms of the continental and insular shelves (Ref. 247). Recorded to have entered freshwater (Ref. 4735). Rather sluggish at least during the day (Ref. 247). Probably nocturnal, feeds mainly on mollusks, but also small bony fishes (Ref. 9993). Also known to eat crustaceans (crabs and shrimps) and sea snakes (Ref. 43278). Oviparous (Ref. 43278, 50449). Slow-swimming and able to squirm into narrow cracks, crevices and channel in reefs while searching for food (Ref. 247). Readily kept in captivity (Ref. 247). May bite when provoked (Ref. 247). Utilized fresh and dried-salted for human consumption and also for fishmeal; livers processed for vitamins; fins dried for the oriental sharkfin trade; offal utilized for fishmeal (Ref. 247). Possibly reaching 354 cm TL (Ref. 9993, 47613). Caught in drift net intended for sharks (Ref. 47736). Reported from freshwater in the Philippines but needs to be confirmed (Ref. 43278).
一种热带近岸鲨鱼发现于大陆架与岛屿棚的沙子，碎石或珊瑚底部了。 (参考文献 247) 记录到已经进入淡水.(参考文献 4735) 在白天期间的相当缓动性至少.(参考文献 247) 可能夜行, 主要捕食软件动物, 也小的硬骨鱼类.(参考文献 9993) 卵生的.(参考文献 50449) 游泳速度慢而且能蠕动进入礁的狭窄的裂缝，裂隙与峡道然而寻找食物.(参考文献 247) 轻易地畜养于繁殖场了。 (参考文献 247) 五月咬当被激怒时。 (参考文献 247) 生鲜使用与乾燥盐腌供人类消费以及用于鱼粉; 肝脏加工成维他命了; 鳍乾燥以供东方的鱼翅贸易了; 碎肉利用了鱼粉。 (参考文献 247) 可能地达到 354 公分TL 。 (参考文献 9993,47613) 在捕鲨的流刺网捕获了。 (参考文献 47736) 在菲律宾记录来自淡水了但是需再确认.(参考文献 43278)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Oviparous (Ref. 247). Egg cases are large, dark brown or purplish black, with longitudinal striations (Ref. 6871). Size at birth 20-26 cm TL (Ref. 9993).印度-西太平洋: 红海而且东非到新加勒多尼亚, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲新南韦尔斯。 最近从东加记录。 (参考文献 53797)
Dahl, R.B., E.E. Sigsgaard, G. Mwangi, P.F. Thomsen, R.D. Jørgensen, F. de Oliveira Torquato, L. Olsen and P.R. Møller, 2019. The sandy zebra shark: A new color morph of the zebra shark Stegostoma tigrinum, with a redescription of the species and a revision of its nomenclature. Copeia, 107(3):524-541. (Ref. 125658)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd+3bd); Date assessed: 18 February 2015
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28.8, mean 27.6 °C (based on 956 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.32 [1.34, 28.53] mg/100g; Iron = 0.333 [0.076, 0.919] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.4, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.0741 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 49.4 [13.5, 143.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.7 [5.2, 52.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.798 [0.390, 1.666] mg/100g (wet weight);
