分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps)
鯉形目 (Carps) >
Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps)
鯉科 (Minnows or carps) > Probarbinae
Etymology: Probarbus: Greek, pro = first, in front of + Latin, barbus = barbel (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Sauvage.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 37770). 熱帶; 28°N - 5°N
Asia: Mekong, Chao Phraya and Meklong basins of Indo-China and Thailand, and the Pahang and Perak basins of Malaysia (Ref. 7427). Catch, trade and transportation forbidden in Laos (Ref. 12217).
亞洲: 印度支那與泰國的湄公河，湄南河與 Meklong 河流域 , 與彭亨與馬來西亞的 Perak 流域.(參考文獻 7427) 捕捉, 貿易與運輸在寮國禁止。 (參考文獻 12217) 國際間的買賣禁止。 ( 引用 I, 自從 1.7.75 以後)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30857); common length : 28.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2073); 最大體重: 70.0 kg (Ref. 12369)
背的軟條 (總數) : 13; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Differs from P. labeamajor in having only 5 (instead of 6) stripes between lateral line scale row and dorsal fin base; lips not enlarged, free posterior margin of lower lip interrupted at midline; large adults without mentum; maxillary barbel invariably well developed, length one-third or more of eye diameter. The only species in which body stripes may extend to every scale row, but this only occurs in some larger and more darkly pigmented individuals. P. labeamajor and P. labeaminor have no more than three stripes below lateral line scale row, and the abdomen is uniformly white. Adults and larger juveniles of P. jullieni usually have much more red and sometimes yellow coloration on head, body, and fins than the other two species. Scale rows between lateral line scale row and pelvic fin 4.
在只有在側線鱗片列與背鰭基底之間的 5(取代 6)條斑紋方面有別於 P. labeamajor; 唇不被增大,下唇的分離後緣在中線中斷; 沒有 mentum 的大的成魚; 上頜骨觸鬚不變化地發展良好的, 長度眼直徑的三分之一或更多。 唯一的種在那一個身體斑紋可能延伸到每鱗片列，但是這只出現於一些更大與更更多深色的個體中。 P. labeamajor 與 P. labeaminor 沒有超過三條斑紋在側線下鱗片列，而且腹部是全白色的。 P. jullieni 的成魚與較大的稚魚通常有更多紅色與有時黃色的顏色在頭部，身體與鰭上超過另一個二個種。 在側線鱗片列與腹鰭 4 之間的鱗片列.
Inhabits mainly the mainstream of large rivers (Ref. 10431), with sand or gravel substrates and abundant mollusks populations (Ref. 12693). Occurs in deep slow reaches (Ref. 37769). Feeds on aquatic plants, insects and shelled mollusks. Spawns in winter (late December-early February) in big riverine deltas over sand and gravel substrate with water current of 1.3 m/sec (Ref. 6459). Undertakes spawning and trophic migrations in the Mekong basin. Trophic migrations occurs throughout its occurrence range which takes place mainly at the onset of the flood season and are mainly undertaken by juveniles and subadults (Ref. 37770). Upstream spawning migrations take place between October and February from Kompong Cham in Cambodia to Chiang Khong in Thailand. At Chiang Khong , fishermen reported that Probarbus moves up the tributary Nam Ta in Laos to breed in March-April. Three Probarbus species were also reported to migrate together, but spawn separately, in January-February at Sungkom, Nong Khai Province in Thailand (Ref. 37770). Egg is buoyant, yellow and 2 mm in diameter. Hatching occurs in 32 hrs at 23°C (Ref. 6459). An excellent foodfish, sometimes consumed raw, but rather scarce so it fetches a high market price (Ref. 2686). Eggs are especially priced (Ref. 12369). Used to be cultured commercially in Thailand (Ref. 7306). May be caught individually or in small numbers of any size incidentally with gillnetting and other fishing activities, at virtually any time or place in the Mekong mainstream (Ref. 10431), but mostly caught during November-January spawning migration, when it is by far the most important species in fisheries catch (Ref. 12369). In the Mekong this important fisheries species is under serious long-term decline and this decline evidently is basin wide and the most obvious (but not necessarily only) reason is overfishing with gillnets during the reproductive migrations and spawning periods (Ref. 10431). Attains 70 kg or more, but mostly marketed size nowadays are 5-20 kg (Ref. 12369).
主要棲息於大河 (參考文獻 10431) 的主流，具有砂或礫石底部的地方與豐富的軟體動物族群。 (參考文獻 12693) 出現於深且和緩的河段。 (參考文獻 37769) 吃水生植物，昆蟲與有殼的軟體動物。 在沙與碎石底部上的大河川三角洲水流速度 1.3 公尺/秒的地方中產卵在冬天 (十二月下旬-二月初) 。 (參考文獻 6459) 進行產卵與在湄公河流域中覓食迴游。 覓食迴游各處發生它的分佈範圍主要發生在洪水季節的開始而且主要是由稚魚與亞成魚進行.(參考文獻 37770) 向上游生殖迴游在從在柬埔寨的 Kompong 韃靼到泰國的清孔縣的十月與二月之間發生。 在清孔縣，漁夫報告了 Probarbus 在寮國的支流的 Nam Ta 上面移動在三月到四月中繁殖。 三個 Probarbus 種也被報告一起移動, 但是分開的產卵, 在一月-二月中在 Sungkom, 在泰國的 Nong Khai 省.(參考文獻 37770) 卵是有浮力的, 黃色的與 2 mm 直徑。 以 23個 ° C 在 32 hrs 孵化。 (參考文獻 6459) 一個優良的食用魚,有時消費了生的肉, 但是相當難得因此它取得，一個高的市場定價格。 (參考文獻 2686) 卵是被特別定價.(參考文獻 12369) 在泰國用於商業性地養殖了。 (參考文獻 7306) 可能是捕捉個別地或者數目很少地任何大小附隨地以流刺網與其他的釣魚活動, 在湄公河主流 (參考文獻 10431) 的事實上任何的時間或地點, 但是在十一月期間大部份捕捉了-被產卵遷移的一月, 當它是漁業漁撈的顯然最重要的種時候.(參考文獻 12369) 在湄公河中這個重要的經濟魚種是處於嚴重的長期減少與這一個減少明顯地是整個流域的與最明顯的 (但是不必然地唯一的) 理由被在生殖迴游與產卵期期間使用刺網過度漁撈。 (參考文獻 10431) 達到 70個公斤或更多，但是市場上大部分的大小時下是 5-20 公斤。 (參考文獻 12369)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
亞洲: 印度支那與泰國的湄公河，湄南河與 Meklong 河流域 , 與彭亨與馬來西亞的 Perak 流域.(參考文獻 7427) 捕捉, 貿易與運輸在寮國禁止。 (參考文獻 12217) 國際間的買賣禁止。 ( 引用 I, 自從 1.7.75 以後)
Roberts, T.R., 1992. Revision of the Southeast Asian cyprinid fish genus Probarbus, with two new species threatened by proposed construction of dams on the Mekong River. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 3(1):37-48. (Ref. 7427)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (A2d); Date assessed: 29 January 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 實驗的; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00173 - 0.01152), b=3.12 (2.89 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 119 [58, 216] mg/100g; Iron = 1.03 [0.59, 1.83] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [16.4, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.063, 0.292] g/100g; Selenium = 68.7 [31.3, 150.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.2 [5.2, 47.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.87, 1.85] mg/100g (wet weight);
