分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡形目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Cetengraulis: Greek, ketos = a marine monster, whale + Greek, eggraulis, -eos = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 10 - ? m. 熱帶; 23°N - 28°S, 98°W - 32°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: in the Antilles, from Cuba southward; Costa Rica south and east to Colombia and Venezuela, Trinidad south to Itapema, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
西大西洋: 在安地列斯群島中, 從古巴南方; 哥斯大黎加向南且向東至哥倫比亞與委內瑞拉 , 千里達南至 Itapema ，巴西聖保羅。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 13.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 125970); common length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 140.58 g (Ref. 125970)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 18 - 24. Head large and deep. Snout short and pointed, about 2/3 eye diameter; maxilla moderate, tip blunt, just failing to reach lower jaw articulation; fine and numerous lower gill rakers, increasing in large fishes; no gill rakers on posterior face of third epibranchial. Branchiostegal rays 8, long and slender; branchiostegal membrane broad. Silver stripe disappearing at about 10 cm SL (Ref. 189). Dusky dots on upper surface of head and snout, series of large black dots along base of anal (Ref. 37032).
頭部大的且深。 吻短與尖的, 大約 2/3 眼直徑; 顎骨中等的, 頂端鈍的, 正好失敗達到下頜關節; 細且多下鰓耙, 增加較大時魚; 沒有在第三個上鰓骨的後面上的鰓耙。 鰓條骨 8, 長且細的; 鰓蓋薄膜寬的。 銀色的斑紋於大約 10 公分 SL 消失.(參考文獻 189) 在頭部與吻的上表皮上的暗色的點 , 成列的大黑色點沿著臀鰭基底。 (參考文獻 37032)
Occurs inshore and forms quite large schools. Enters brackish waters of lagoons and estuaries and can tolerate salinities of 10.32-31 ppt (Santa Cruz Canal, Pernambuco, Brazil). A filter-feeder presumably on both phytoplankton and zooplankton. Spawns off the Araya Peninsula, Venezuela from October to January, with a distinct peak in mid-November. Eggs are oval, spawned at 0230-0500 hours along shoreline out to about 1.5 km and hatching at about 20-24 hours later.
生活於近海而且相當形成大群魚群。 進入潟湖與河口的半鹹淡水域而且能容忍 10.32-31個 ppt 的鹽度.(聖克魯茲管, 巴西的貝南博古) 一個濾食動物可能在浮游植物和浮游動物上。 從十月到一月產卵在委內瑞拉的 Araya 半島外, 在十一月中具有一個明顯的高峰。 卵是橢圓形的, 產卵在 02300500 小時的沿著在外的海岸線到大約 1.5 公里與孵化於大約 20-24 小時之後。
西大西洋: 在安地列斯群島中, 從古巴南方; 哥斯大黎加向南且向東至哥倫比亞與委內瑞拉 , 千里達南至 Itapema ，巴西聖保羅。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 28, mean 27.4 °C (based on 76 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00392 - 0.00612), b=3.23 (3.17 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.1 ±0.07 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13-0.22; Fec=8,189 (batch fecundity)).
Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.83, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 189 [109, 487] mg/100g; Iron = 1.52 [0.77, 2.95] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.7, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.389 [0.196, 0.833] g/100g; Selenium = 31.4 [14.3, 73.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.9 [5.4, 82.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.65 [1.77, 4.20] mg/100g (wet weight);
