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Bolbometopon muricatum, Green humphead parrotfish : fisheries, aquarium
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa and the Line Islands, north to the Yaeyama and Wake islands, south to the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia.
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm? range ? - ? cm Max length : 130 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9710); common length : 70.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 9793); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 46.0 kg (Ref. 2334)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: median predorsal scales 2-4 (may be obscured by hump); 3 scale rows on cheek, 1 (4-6), 2 (3-6), 3 (1-2); pectoral-fin rays 16 or 17; steep profile distinctive; nodules on teeth unique (Ref. 9793); prominent bump on forehead of adult (evident at least 25 cm TL); deep body 2.0-2.5 in SL, with depth increasing with growth; Colour of juveniles brownish to green with 5 vertical rows of whitish spots on side, the primary phase is a dull gray with scattered white spots, gradually becoming uniformly dark green (Ref. 90102, 1602). Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Juveniles are found in lagoons while adults inhabit clear outer lagoon and seaward reefs up to depths of at least 30 m (Ref. 9710). They ‘sleep’ in caves and often in shipwrecks at night (Ref. 48636). They are usually in small groups feeding on benthic algae, live corals (Ref. 9710) and shellfishes (Ref. 58784). They sometimes ram their head against corals to facilitate feeding (Ref. 9710). The largest and wariest of the parrotfishes. Assessments showed their vulnerability to overfishing (Ref. 9710). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Also Ref. 103751.
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan 123201): 25.3 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 2570 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804): PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00796 - 0.02287), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278): 2.7 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (K=0.10).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100). 🛈
Kerentanan Iklim (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (92 of 100). 🛈
