分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Labridae (Wrasses)
隆頭魚科 (Wrasses) > Cheilininae
Etymology: Epibulus: Greek, epi = over, in front + Greek, boleo = to throw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Pallas.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 128797). 熱帶; 30°N - 30°S
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to South Africa (Ref. 35918) and the Hawaiian and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia.
印度-太平洋: 紅海到南非 (參考文獻 35918) 與夏威夷與 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至新加勒多尼亞。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 54.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9823)
背棘 (总数) : 9 - 10; 背的软条 (总数) : 9 - 11; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 9. The mouth of this species is protrusible and unfolds into a tube easily half the body length. The jaws swing forward into a long tube that strong suction to catch prey. When not in use, the entire apparatus is conveniently folded under the head. Small juveniles are brown with thin white bars and closely resemble a species of Wetmorella. Color varies with age and sex, but adult color varies additional, including with an all-yellow xanthic form. Sub adults and females are brown or, not uncommonly, uniformly yellow. Terminal males are dark with a white head and a dark streak extending horizontally through the eye. Male becomes ornamented with orange and yellow over the back. Juveniles dark with fine vertical white lines. Intermediates with yellow blotches, pale tail and sometimes with black pectoral fins (Ref. 48636).
这种的嘴巴是能伸展的而且展开成管容易一半体长。 颚摇摆进入长的管之内向前哪一强的吸捕捉猎物。 当不在使用中，整个的器官方便地在头部下面被摺叠的时候。 小的稚鱼是褐色的有白色细纹而且非常近似一个 Wetmorella 的种. 颜色随着年龄与性别改变，但是成鱼颜色改变附加的, 包括有一个全黄的黄色形式。 亚成鱼与雌性是褐色或, 不稀有地, 全身黄色的。 最后阶段的雄鱼是深色且有一个白色的头部与一个深色条纹水平地延伸经过眼。 雄性变成装饰有橘色的与黄色的整个背部。 稚鱼深色且有细的垂直白色的线。 中间物有黄色的斑块, 灰白的尾部而且有时有黑色的胸鳍.(参考文献 48636)
Inhabit coral-rich areas of lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 1602, 58302). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Generally solitary (Ref. 5213). Feed on small coral-dwelling crustaceans and fishes (Ref. 9710). Capable of drift migration along with floating leaves (Ref. 27153). Adults usually along deep slopes or drop-offs. Sometimes they visit cleaning stations holding their mouth open and out for inspection (Ref. 48636).
栖息于泻湖与临海礁石的珊瑚礁繁盛区域。 (参考文献 1602) 通常独居性.(参考文献 5213) 吃小的栖息于珊瑚的甲壳动物和鱼类。 (参考文献 9710) 能够与漂浮的树叶一起漂浮迁移。 (参考文献 27153) 成鱼通常沿着深处的斜坡或海峭壁。 有时它拜访清洁的区域。 为检查把嘴巴张开并伸出。 (参考文献 48636)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Males have been observed patrolling their mating territory (see Ref. 27152). Protogyny was proposed but not confirmed (Ref. 103751).印度-太平洋: 紅海到南非 (參考文獻 35918) 與夏威夷與 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至新加勒多尼亞。
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 790 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02239 (0.01234 - 0.04062), b=2.95 (2.79 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.4 [12.3, 145.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.515 [0.197, 1.250] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [15.4, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.133 [0.067, 0.276] g/100g; Selenium = 32.4 [11.6, 84.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 65.8 [17.4, 310.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.95 [0.61, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
