分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes)
鱸形目 (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
鬚鯛科 (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 0 - 125 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 30°N - 35°S, 35°E - 124°W (Ref. 54393)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and east coast of Africa south to Durban, South Africa, east to the Hawaiian Islands, islands of French Polynesia and the Pitcairn Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, Japan south to Australia.
印度-太平洋: 紅海南至南非的德爾班 (參考文獻 5405) 而且東至夏威夷群島，列島群島，馬貴斯群島與 Tuamoto 島, 北至琉球群島, 南至新加勒多尼亞與拉帕島。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大體重: 2.3 kg (Ref. 4887)
背棘 (總數) : 8; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 7. This species is distinguished by the following characters: pectoral rays 16 (rarely 15 or 17); gill rakers 6-7 + 22-26 = 29-33; body depth 3.25-3.8 in SL (body deeper with growth); head length (HL) 2.85-3.1 in SL; snout long, its length 1.61.8 in HL; eye small, the orbit diameter 5.3-8.95 in HL (SL 118-392 mm); barbels very long, 1.15 in HL to longer than head; longest dorsal spine 1.5-1.7 in HL; penultimate dorsal ray 1.1-1.2 in length of last dorsal ray; pectoral-fin length 1.5-1.7 in HL; pelvic-fin length 1.35-1.55 in HL. Colour of large adults yellowish gray, edges of the scales bright blue except ventrally, edges more broadly blue posteriorly; a large, hemispherical, saddle-like, yellow spot covering most of upper half of caudal peduncle; region around eye yellow with radiating short narrow blue bands; caudal fin with longitudinal blue bands; second dorsal and anal fins with narrow oblique blue bands; a second smaller color phase entirely yellow, with dorsal peduncular spot sometimes apparent by being brighter yellow than rest of body (Ref. 54393).
頭部通常有藍色的條紋; 身體紅色的, 紅色的-藍色的或藍色具有一個黃色的鞍狀斑在後第二背鰭鰭; 有時全身黃色的 (稚魚).(參考文獻 5405) 在尾梗的頂端上的一個寬的黃色斑塊，那是明顯的在比較不黃色個體身上.(參考文獻 48636)
Found on coral (Ref. 58652), rocky, or rubble bottoms of reef flats, lagoons, and seaward reefs (Ref. 3921). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Juveniles form schools, adults usually solitary. Feed primarily on small fishes, crustaceans, peanut worms, shrimps, crabs, octopi, and small gastropods during the day (Ref. 3921). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
棲息於珊瑚 (參考文獻 58652)., 岩石的, 或礁石平臺，潟湖與臨海礁石的碎石底部。 稚魚形成魚群, 成魚通常獨居性。 主要捕食小魚，甲殼動物，星蟲，蝦，螃蟹，章魚與小的腹足動物在白天期間。 (參考文獻 3921) 最小深度報告取自參考文獻 30874.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 紅海南至南非的德爾班 (參考文獻 5405) 而且東至夏威夷群島，列島群島，馬貴斯群島與 Tuamoto 島, 北至琉球群島, 南至新加勒多尼亞與拉帕島。
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 1578 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00783 - 0.01932), b=3.09 (2.96 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.4 [12.2, 58.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.3 [0.1, 0.7] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [15, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.132 [0.073, 0.254] g/100g; Selenium = 61.8 [28.3, 147.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 292 [55, 1,307] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.39 [0.23, 0.74] mg/100g (wet weight);
