Epinephelus rivulatus (Valenciennes, 1830)
Halfmoon grouper
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Epinephelus rivulatus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Epinephelus rivulatus
拍攝者 Randall, J.E.
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拍攝者 Randall, J.E.
分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to the western Pacific, southward into temperate waters of South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Not known from the Red Sea or Persian Gulf.
印度-西太平洋: 東非到西太平洋, 進入南非，澳洲與紐西蘭的溫帶水域之內的南方。 已知不來自紅海或波斯灣。
印度-西太平洋: 東非到西太平洋, 進入南非，澳洲與紐西蘭的溫帶水域之內的南方。 已知不來自紅海或波斯灣。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 19.4, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 90102); 最大體重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 5222)
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 90102); 最大體重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 5222)
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 16 - 18; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Characterized by red-brown head; body mottled pale-brown color; 5-6 irregular dark brown bars on body; caudal fin dark brown with pale speckling; body scales ctenoid except cycloid anterodorsally above lateral line, on nape, thorax and abdomen; body with auxiliary scales only anterodorsally behind zone of small cycloid scales; greatest depth of body; 2.7-3.2 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins, 1.9-2.4 in head length (Ref. 90102); body depth contained 2.7-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; flat to slightly convex interorbital area, dorsal head profile convex; snout length 4.0-5.0 in HL; angular preopercle, with enlarged serrae at angle; straight upper edge of operculum, almost horizontal; posterior and anterior nostril subequal in size; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of eye, ventral edge with slight step at distal expansion; 2-3 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; pyloric caeca (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Sedentary reef-associated species (Ref. 89707). Occurs on coral reefs, areas with rocky substrata, algal flats and seagrass beds. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 30573). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Forms spawning aggregations (Ref. 55367). Solitary (Ref 90102).
生活於珊瑚礁, 用岩石底層，海藻平台與海草床的區域。 吃魚與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 30573) 一個雌性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 55367) 產卵群集的表格.(參考文獻 55367)
生活於珊瑚礁, 用岩石底層，海藻平台與海草床的區域。 吃魚與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 30573) 一個雌性先熟的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 55367) 產卵群集的表格.(參考文獻 55367)
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Length at sex change = 7.56 cm TL (Ref. 55367).印度-西太平洋: 東非到西太平洋, 進入南非，澳洲與紐西蘭的溫帶水域之內的南方。 已知不來自紅海或波斯灣。
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
CITES
Not Evaluated
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻 123201): 21.5 - 28.8, mean 27.2 °C (based on 1542 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.00776 - 0.01949), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278): 3.6 ±0.54 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻 120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.4).
營養素 (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 22.1 [7.7, 45.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.54 [0.27, 1.15] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.6, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.208 [0.115, 0.369] g/100g; Selenium = 19.8 [9.8, 39.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 97.4 [23.4, 395.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.901 [0.594, 1.361] mg/100g (wet weight);