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इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays) > Potamotrygoninae
Etymology: Potamotrygon: Greek, potamos = river + Greek, trygon = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Issue
Authorship of species is credited to Müller & Henle (1841) and not Naterrer (who collected the type specimen) as in Rosa (1985a). A widespread species that may require further subdivision after more study. Studies of its reproductive biology indicate that females attain sexual maturity between 24 and 32 cm DW (males between 20 and 30 cm DW), and may produce from three to 21 embryos per gestation (Achenbach & Achencbach, 1976) or only six or seven (Thorson et al., 1983b; these differences may be populational). Larger specimens may weigh 10 kg. This species has been captively bred in aquaria, but is still the most comercially imported species by the aquarium industry. Additional references: Bertin (1939), Castex & Castello (1970b), Achenbach & Achenbach (1976), Thorson et al. (1983b), Sérét & McEachran (1986), Ortega & Vari (1986), Paepke & Schmidt (1988), Barriga (1991), Compagno & Cook (1995), Lasso et al. (1997a), Ferreira et al. (1998), Britski et al. (1999).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल बेनथोपिलाजिक; pH range: 5.0 - 6.0; dH range: 10 - ?; पोटामोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 24°C - 26°C (Ref. 2060)

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | Point map | भूमिका | Faunafri

South America: Uruguay, Paraná-Paraguay, Orinoco, and Amazon River basins.

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm WD पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 36687); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 34.2 kg (Ref. 85107)

Found in freshwater rivers. It is an extremely dangerous species. Maximum length reported in Axelrod et al., 1991 (Ref. 6398) is 100 cm TL.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

16 pups were born by one female in captivity (Ref. 57489).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक : Carvalho, Marcelo | सहयोगीयो

Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari, 1986. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 01 October 2005

CITES

Appendix III: International trade cooperation

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Traumatogenic (Ref. 4716)

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; जलजीवालय: सार्वजनिक लजीवालय

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

अधिक जानकारी

Trophic ecology
खाद्य पदार्थ
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
परभक्षी

Ecology
पारिस्थितिकी

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
पुनरुत्पत्ति
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
लार्वा
लारवल गतिकी

Distribution
देश
ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र
Ecosystems
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Anatomy
Gill areas
दिमाग
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
मत्स्य आवाज़े
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
आनुवंशिकी
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
जलीयकृषि रूपरेखाऐ
खींच
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
सहयोगीयो

Taxonomy
आम नाम
उपशब्द
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तस्वीरे

References
संदर्भ

साधन

Special reports

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Generation time: 6.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (Fec=16).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841)