Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecología
marino bentopelágico; rango de profundidad ? - 530 m (Ref. 114953). Tropical; 45°N - 4°N, 98°W - 51°W (Ref. 114953)
Distribución
Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri
Northwest Atlantic: mainly eastern USA, rarely south to Venezuela.
Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 154 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 114953); peso máximo publicado: 60.0 kg (Ref. 114953)
Life history unknown. Males reaches maturity at 75-85 cm TL, females at 125-135 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00659 - 0.03318), b=2.97 (2.78 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliencia (Ref.
120179): Muy bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo superior a 14 años (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).