Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مياه عميقة; نطاق العمق 400 - 1500 m (Ref. 127764). Deep-water
Southern Ocean: islands of the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, Prydz Bay and the Ross Sea. A separate subspecies may be present in the Ross Sea population, but this needs more evidence (Ref. 5179). Reported from Olaf Prydz Bay, Mackenzie Sea, Indian sector of the Antarctic (Ref. 44178).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 44.3 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 124149); 33.6 cm TL (female); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 563.60 g (Ref. 124149)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 7; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 34; أشعه شرجية لينه: 30. Gray with violet hue and lighter below with metallic luster. In alcohol, purplish gray or light brown dorsally (Ref. 11892).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Feeds on zooplankton. The storage of lipids in cells of adipose tissue as well as the reduced calcification of the skeleton provide buoyancy to this species.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير ذات اهمية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): -0.2 - 1.2, mean 0.9 °C (based on 21 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00330 - 0.00835), b=3.11 (2.97 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 27.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): منخفظ جدا, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أكثر من 14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
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