Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande; pH range: 7.0 - ? ; dH range: 10 - ?; djupintervall 1 - 40 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical; 23°C - 26°C (Ref. 2060)
Western Atlantic: Gulf of Paria to the Amazon River in Brazil.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 29.3 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 71685); common length : 25.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 11 - 12; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 11. Body except for snout, pectoral base and caudal peduncle covered with prickles; teeth fused into plates, two plates on each jaw; nostril with two openings; body dark green dorsally with six transverse black bars, white ventrally; fins dusky green or dark brown (Ref. 13608).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Solitary or in groups of 2 or 3 individuals but never in schools (Ref. 35237). Inhabits shallow inshore waters usually on soft bottoms. Frequently found in freshwater (Ref. 13608). When threatened, it becomes inflated like a balloon, in order to ward off predators. Carnivorous, feeding mainly on mollusks which crushes with its powerful teeth (Ref. 35237). Of negligible commercial importance and usually not marketed (Ref. 5217).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; Akvarium: Kommersiell
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 210 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02512 (0.01607 - 0.03927), b=2.86 (2.74 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
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