分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays)
土魟科 (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology:
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 5 - 80 m (Ref. 114953), usually 5 - 25 m (Ref. 5217). 熱帶
Western Central Atlantic: patchy distribution, from Belize to northern Brazil.
西大西洋: 委內瑞拉的海岸北部向南延伸至巴西。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 70.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Disc is narrowly projecting to snout, pelvic fins with long anterior margins. Narrowly pointed falcate outer corners. Upper surface dark brown, lower surface pale with darker margins and teeth as yellowish white (Ref. 6902).
體盤對吻狹窄地是突出的, 腹鰭有長的前緣。 狹窄尖鐮刀狀的外角。 上表皮深褐色的, 下表面灰白的具有深色邊緣而且牙齒是黃白色.(參考文獻 6902)
Found in shallow waters on sandy bottoms generally between 5 and 25 m depth. Reported from a depth of 810 m (Ref. 13608). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
在 5 與 25 公尺深之間通常在砂質底部上發現於淺水域了。 記錄來自深度 810 公尺了。 (參考文獻 13608) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 委內瑞拉的海岸北部向南延伸至巴西。
Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (A2d); Date assessed: 01 July 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
工具
特別的報告
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27 - 28.3, mean 27.6 °C (based on 302 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00366 - 0.01891), b=3.10 (2.90 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
