分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Micropogonias: Greek, mikros = small + greek, pogon = beard (Ref. 45335).
Issue
The species Micropogonias opercularis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) is considered as valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Jul. 2010: Ref. 84883) according to López et al. (2002: Ref. 80900).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 ? - 60 m (Ref. 9626), usually 20 - 40 m (Ref. 9626). 亞熱帶的; 27°N - 36°S, 84°W - 34°W (Ref. 54591)
Western to Southwest Atlantic: Greater Antilles and from Costa Rica to Argentina (Ref. 9626). Also reported in Nicaragua (Ref. 13613). Also reported in Brazil (Ref. 118626).
西大西洋: 大安地列斯群島與從哥斯大黎加到阿根廷.(參考文獻 9626) 也在尼加拉瓜報告。 (參考文獻 13613)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 30.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27363); common length : 45.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27363); 最大體重: 55.30 g (Ref. 118626); 最大年齡: 7 年 (Ref. 27)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 26 - 30; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 9. Body silvery with a golden cast, back greyish, with distinct oblique dark streaks along scale rows extending to much below lateral line; spinous dorsal without small dark dots (Ref. 27363).
銀色的身體有金的外貌, 背面略灰色的, 有明顯的斜深色條紋沿著延伸至的鱗片列多在側線下; 刺狀的背部沒有小的深色點.(參考文獻 27363)
Found over muddy and sandy bottoms in coastal waters and in estuaries where the nursery and feeding grounds are located. Adults form schools. Feeding habits vary with ontogenic development and season; juveniles feed on benthic migratory crustaceans and sessile boring mollusks while adults are benthos-feeders and occasionally capture fish (Ref. 27). Undergoes seasonal migration. An important food fish which is usually marketed fresh and salted.
在沿岸水域與育幼與覓食場被設置的河口發現在泥濘多沙的底部上.。 成魚形成魚群。 食性因個體的發展與季節而改變 ; 稚魚吃底棲的迴游甲殼動物與固著的鑽孔軟體動物雖然成魚是底生生物-捕食者而且偶然地獵捕魚.(參考文獻 27) 歷經季節性的遷移。 一個重要的食用魚通常是生鮮銷售與鹽醃的。
西大西洋: 大安地列斯群島與從哥斯大黎加到阿根廷.(參考文獻 9626) 也在尼加拉瓜報告。 (參考文獻 13613)
Isaac, V.J., 1988. Synopsis of biological data on the whitemouth croaker, Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823). FAO Fish. Synop. (150). (Ref. 27)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.5 - 28, mean 26.6 °C (based on 196 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00774 - 0.01126), b=3.02 (2.96 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.1 (4.3 - 8.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.12-0.18; tmax=7).
Prior r = 0.71, 95% CL = 0.47 - 1.06, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 82.4 [47.1, 158.8] mg/100g; Iron = 1.07 [0.58, 1.86] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [18, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.265 [0.134, 0.513] g/100g; Selenium = 28.3 [15.5, 53.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.34 [2.76, 23.48] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.86 [0.63, 1.26] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
