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Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei (Scorpionfishes) > Scorpaenidae (Scorpionfishes or rockfishes) > Pteroinae
Etymology: Parapterois: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, pterois, derived from pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 40 - 300 m (Ref. 4313). Temperate

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Indo-West Pacific: Natal, South Africa to southern Japan (Ref. 4313). Two populations apparently exists, the Western Pacific and SE African coast (Ref. 54479).

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 90102)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 7 - 8. Long filaments at the tips of the dorsal fin spines and outer rays of the caudal fin (Ref. 48635).

Usually found in sheltered coastal bays and fine sand or muddy habitats. May partly bury itself in the substrate during the day and is easily overlooked. When disturbed, the brightly colored pectoral fins probably serves to startle predators. The large fins serve primarily to corner prey when hunting (Ref. 48635). Trawled on soft bottom in coastal waters (Ref. 4313), to 300 m depth (Ref. 48635).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Eschmeyer, W.N., 1986. Scorpaenidae. p. 463-478. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4313)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 July 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 4313)

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 14.9 - 26.8, mean 22 °C (based on 553 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00444 - 0.02358), b=3.01 (2.82 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Parapterois heterura (Bleeker, 1856)