Elasmobranquios (tiburones y rayas) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Rhinopteridae (Cownose rays)
Etymology: Rhinoptera: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek,pteron = fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.
Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
marino; salobre asociado a arrecife. Tropical; 30°N - 15°S, 55°E - 135°E (Ref. 114953)
Indo-West Pacific: Oman to the Philippines; north to Ryukyu Is.; south to eastern Indonesia.
Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 165 cm WD macho / no sexado; (Ref. 114953); peso máximo publicado: 4.5 kg (Ref. 3965)
Descripción breve
Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría
Double-lobed snout and indented forehead; jaws usually with 7 rows of plate-like teeth; no caudal fin (Ref. 5578). Brown above, white below (Ref. 5578).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Found in bays, estuaries, and near coral reefs (Ref. 12951), over sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 9710). Usually solitary or in small aggregations (Ref. 114953). However, large schools with up to 500 individuals have been reported (Ref. 12951). Feeds on clams, oysters and crustaceans (Ref. 12951). Lives to over 2 years in captivity (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Edible (Ref. 30573). Caught mainly by gill net fisheries (Ref. 114953), occasionally by bottom trawl, demersal inshore gillnet and tangle net fisheries. Utilized for its meat (Ref. 58048).
Ciclo vital y comportamiento de apareamiento
Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Males court by nipping the female's dorsum. Mating pair orient in a venter to venter position, and the male inserts one or both claspers. The pair usually rests on the substrate, with the female on top of the male. Mating lasts about 30 seconds (Ref. 12951) to 1 minute (Ref. 49562). Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Size at birth ~60 cm WD. One large pregnant female (~130 cm WD) contained a single late-term embryo 61 cm WD (Ref.58048).
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Amenaza para el ser humano
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: comercial; pesca deportiva: si
Herramientas
Informes especiales
Descargar XML
Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Temperatura preferida (Referencia
123201): 24.2 - 29.2, mean 28.4 °C (based on 3123 cells).
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00641 - 0.01964), b=2.94 (2.78 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia
69278): 3.5 ±0.24 se; based on food items.
Resiliencia (Referencia
120179): Muy bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo superior a 14 años (Fec=1-2).
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 5.55 [0.68, 83.89] mg/100g; Iron = 0.366 [0.030, 4.005] mg/100g; Protein = 20.9 [15.6, 26.2] %; Omega3 = 0.0676 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 30.8 [5.7, 156.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.7 [1.7, 205.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.824 [0.056, 9.302] mg/100g (wet weight);