分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 5 - 73 m (Ref. 11295), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref. 11295). 熱帶; 6°N - 3°S, 93°W - 85°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Pacific: Isla del Coco off Costa Rica and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Reports from Panama and Peru have been discounted (Ref. 6873).
東太平洋: Isla del 椰子樹外海的哥斯大黎加與加拉巴哥群島 (厄瓜多). 來自巴拿馬與祕魯的報告曾經打折。 (參考文獻 6873)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 65.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 16-17; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 11. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark to olive-brown body color with purplish and lighter brown spots, or plain dark brown; xanthic morph is bright yellow all over; depth of body contained 2.9-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.6-2.9 times in SL; slightly convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, with serrate lobe at angle; posterior nostrils of adults much larger than anterior ones (Ref. 89707).
Found among rock walls, underwater lava ridges, and all kinds of well structured vertical rock formations (Ref. 11295). Juveniles found in shallow sandy lagoons (Ref. 5222), also in seagrass beds, mangrove lagoons, shallow lava reefs and inland lava ponds (Ref. 11295). Adults are mainly piscivorous, prey size increasing with predator size (Ref. 11295).
发现于岩石墙壁，在水中的熔岩脊中了, 与各种的很好地构成垂直的岩石结构.(参考文献 11295) 稚鱼发现于水浅的沙地泻湖 (参考文献 5222)了, 也在海草床，红树林泻湖, 浅滩熔岩礁与内陆的熔岩池塘中.(参考文献 11295) 成鱼主要是以鱼为食的, 猎物的大小随着掠食者大小增加.(参考文献 11295)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東太平洋: Isla del 椰子樹外海的哥斯大黎加與加拉巴哥群島 (厄瓜多). 來自巴拿馬與祕魯的報告曾經打折。 (參考文獻 6873)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 15 September 2022
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.5 - 23.7, mean 19.3 °C (based on 4 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00365 - 0.00994), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.18; tm=3; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 63.5 [28.2, 126.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.861 [0.465, 1.708] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.3, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.219 [0.129, 0.372] g/100g; Selenium = 66.8 [33.8, 142.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.4 [7.5, 81.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.666 [0.455, 0.982] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
