分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 121 m (Ref. 9281). 亞熱帶的
Western Pacific: New Zealand (Ref. 5755) and the Mangaréva and Gambier Islands (Ref. 9281). Eastern Pacific: Bahía Magdalena (Baja California Sur, Mexico) and the Gulf of California to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 9281).
西太平洋: 紐西蘭 (參考文獻 5755) 與曼加雷瓦群島與檳榔膏島.(參考文獻 9281) 東太平洋: Bahia Magdalena(墨西哥南下加利福尼亞) 與加州灣到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 9281)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 10.1, range 8 - 12.2 cm
Max length : 15.7 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 41284); common length : 12.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55763)
Body flat and strongly compressed; eyes on the left side of the head; lateral line on the eyes side with a pronounced arch over the pectoral fin but not extending under the lower eye; urinary papilla present on the eyed side; anterior profile of head only slightly notched; eyed side dark brown to olive green, without any conspicuous spots (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Found on soft bottoms (Ref. 9281). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9281).
棲息於軟質底部了。 (參考文獻 9281) 生鮮使用.(參考文獻 9281)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西太平洋: 紐西蘭 (參考文獻 5755) 與曼加雷瓦群島與檳榔膏島.(參考文獻 9281) 東太平洋: Bahia Magdalena(墨西哥南下加利福尼亞) 與加州灣到祕魯, 包括加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 9281)
Hensley, D.A., 1995. Bothidae. Lenguados. p. 931-936. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9281)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 November 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 18.1 - 28.8, mean 24 °C (based on 144 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00446 - 0.02457), b=3.04 (2.86 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 6.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=5-6;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
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