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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino associati a barriera corallina. Tropical; 38°N - 4°N
Eastern Pacific: Baja California, Mexico to Colombia.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9114); common length : 25.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9114); peso massimo pubblicato: 557.00 g (Ref. 40926)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Body oblong, compressed, and deep (depth contained 2.2 to 2.7 times in standard length); mouth large and terminal, its posterior end located at the same level as the anterior edge of the pupil; first gill arch with 22 to 39 gill rakers; dorsal fin notched, with 12 to 14 spines and 14 to 17 soft rays (XII-XIV, 14-17); second anal spine slightly longer and stronger than third; scale series above lateral line is parallel to it; body dark brown; each scale bearing a pearly blue spot, the spots appearing to form lines following the scale series; fins yellowish; caudal peduncle with a large spot (Ref. 55763).
Found in schools around coastal reefs during the day, dispersing over sandy bottoms at night (Ref. 9114). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9114).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
McKay, R.J. and M. Schneider, 1995. Haemulidae. Burros, corocoros, chulas, gallinazos, roncos. p. 1136-1173. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9114)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 29.1, mean 27.9 °C (based on 178 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00793 - 0.02517), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.73 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 9.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (K=0.12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.9 [14.9, 72.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.54 [0.26, 1.05] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.7, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.106 [0.049, 0.202] g/100g; Selenium = 27 [13, 57] μg/100g; VitaminA = 153 [39, 572] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.975 [0.604, 1.500] mg/100g (wet weight);
