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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sillaginidae (Smelt-whitings)
Etymology: Sillaginodes: See Sillago + Greek, oides = similar to.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; गैर प्रवासी; गहराई सीमा 2 - 200 m (Ref. 6390), usually 2 - 18 m (Ref. 6205). Temperate; 29°S - 41°S, 112°E - 152°E (Ref. 6205)
Indo-West Pacific: southern Australia.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 34.0, range 32 - 36 cm
Max length : 72.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 6205); common length : 35.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9563); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 4.8 kg (Ref. 6205); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 15 वर्षो (Ref. 6390)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 12 - 14; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 25 - 27; गुदा कांटा: 2; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 21 - 24. The swim bladder is very elongate with a single slender tapering posterior extension and two anterolateral extensions. No duct-like urogenital aperture is present. Body color is pale brown, gray brown, or dark olive green above, and whitish pale brown or silvery below with reflections of mauve, blue green when fresh. The back and upper sides with oblique rows of small round dark brown to rusty brown spots; the lower sides with open-spaced rather scattered round dark spots. The belly is white and without spots. The dorsal fins are uniformly dark greenish brown to light brown sometimes spotted with dark brown; the anal, pectoral and pelvic fins are pale brown to hyaline; the caudal fin is greenish to brownish and finely dusted with brown (Ref. 6205).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Inhabit shallow inner continental shelf waters, including bays and inlets (Ref. 6390). For their first few years, they live mainly where seagrasses (Zostera species, Posidonia creeks. Small juveniles favor water depths from 2 m to 20 m. Adults inhabit more exposed waters along coastal beaches and reef areas (Ref. 27008, 27667), sometimes to depths as great as 200 m. Spawn in offshore waters from late summer to winter (Ref. 6390). Juveniles feed on benthic amphipods and other crustaceans. As they grow larger, their diet expands to include polychaete worms, mollusks and peanut worms (Sipuncula) (Ref. 27008, 27667). Oviparous (Ref. 205). This premium quality fish obtains a high price (Ref. 6205).
Are serial batch spawners, yet the number of spawnings in a season is unknown (Ref. 6390).
McKay, R.J., 1992. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world (family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the sillago, smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(14):87p. (Ref. 6205)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; जलीयकृषि: प्रयोगात्मक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (संदर्भ
123201): 15.3 - 18.5, mean 17.4 °C (based on 253 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00254 - 0.00991), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (संदर्भ
69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.3 (1.6 - 6.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.47; tm=3-4; tmax=15; Fec=100,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 32 [13, 91] mg/100g; Iron = 0.259 [0.098, 0.780] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [17.8, 22.2] %; Omega3 = 0.264 [0.123, 0.583] g/100g; Selenium = 28.4 [9.9, 84.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.1 [2.1, 26.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.72 [0.34, 1.33] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
