分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks)
真鯊目 (Ground sharks) >
Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
白眼鮫科 (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); sorrah: Tamil (Indian subcontinent) word for shark [authorship often attributed to Müller & Henle, who published Valenciennes’ description]. (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 140 m (Ref. 30573), usually 1 - 73 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 31°N - 31°S
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964), Red Sea and East Africa (including Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles) to the Philippines, north to China, south to Australia. Also from Vanikolo Island (Santa Cruz Islands) and the Solomon Islands. Possibly occurring in the Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Sri Lanka (Ref. 9997).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海與東非 (包括馬達加斯加，模里西斯與塞錫爾群島) 到菲律賓,北至中國, 南至澳洲。 也從 Vanikolo 島 (聖克魯斯群島) 與索羅門群島。 可能出現在亞丁灣，阿曼灣與斯里蘭卡。 (參考文獻 9997)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 130.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 160 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2334); 最大體重: 28.0 kg (Ref. 6390); 最大年齡: 8 年 (Ref. 6390)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A small, spindle-shaped shark with a long, rounded snout, large circular eyes, and oblique-cusped serrated teeth; 2nd dorsal fin very low; interdorsal ridge present (Ref. 5578). 2nd dorsal, pectorals and lower caudal lobe with dark tips; 1st dorsal with thin but conspicuous dark tip; pelvic fins and upper caudal lobe plain (Ref. 5485). Grey or grey-brown above, white below with a golden-brown sheen on the area between eyes and gill slits (in fresh specimens); pectorals, second dorsal, and lower caudal fin lobe with conspicuous black tips, first dorsal and upper caudal fin lobe with black edging (Ref. 9997). A dark band on flank extending rearwards to pelvic fins (Ref. 9997).
一種小的, 紡錘形的鯊魚有一個長的, 圓形的吻又大而圓形的眼，與斜尖的鋸齒狀的齒; 第二背鰭鰭非常低的; 間背脊呈現。 (參考文獻 5578) 用深色的末端第二背鰭, 胸鰭與下尾部的葉; 第一背鰭有細的但是顯著的深色末端; 腹鰭與上尾部的葉平原.(參考文獻 5485) 背面灰色的或灰褐色, 腹面白色的在眼與鰓縫之間的區域上具有一個金褐色光輝;(在新鮮的標本中) 胸鰭，第二背鰭與下尾部的鰭葉有明顯的黑色頂端, 第一背鰭而且上尾鰭葉有黑邊.(參考文獻 9997) 向後延伸到腹鰭的在側面上的一個深色條紋.(參考文獻 9997)
Found on the continental and insular shelves, primarily near reefs (Ref. 244). Sometimes in offshore waters (Ref. 30573). Live near the seabed during the day and near the surface at night (Ref. 6390). Feeds on bony fishes (Ref. 68964). Shark movements often short (50 km) but may be more than 1,000 km (Ref. 6390). Prefers teleost fishes but also feeds on cephalopods and crustaceans (Ref. 6871). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Regularly caught by local artisanal and small-scale commercial fisheries where it occurs (Ref. 244). Utilized as a food fish; fins used in the oriental shark fin trade, liver for vitamin oil, and offal for fishmeal (Ref. 9997).
棲息於大陸棚與島嶼棚了, 主要地在礁的附近.(參考文獻 244) 有時在離岸水域.(參考文獻 30573) 生活在海底的附近在白天期間與晚上接近水表面處.(參考文獻 6390) 鯊魚運動時常短的 (50 公里) 但是可能是超過 1,000 公里.(參考文獻 6390) 偏愛硬骨魚也吃頭足類動物與甲殼動物.(參考文獻 6871) 胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 經常地被地方魚民與小規模商業的漁場捕獲了在那裡它出現.(參考文獻 244) 作為食用魚; 鰭被用於東方的鯊魚鰭貿易，肝臟用於維他命油與碎肉用於魚粉了。 (參考文獻 9997)
Viviparous, with a yolk-sac placenta (Ref. 244). Pups, average 3, range 1-8, are produced in January after a 10-month gestation period. Average length at birth is 50 cm TL. Length increases by about 25 cm during the first year. These sharks breed once each year (Ref. 13440). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).印度-西太平洋: 紅海與東非 (包括馬達加斯加，模里西斯與塞錫爾群島) 到菲律賓,北至中國, 南至澳洲。 也從 Vanikolo 島 (聖克魯斯群島) 與索羅門群島。 可能出現在亞丁灣，阿曼灣與斯里蘭卡。 (參考文獻 9997)
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
近危 (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 29 October 2020
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 2844 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00331 (0.00184 - 0.00595), b=3.15 (3.00 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.34; tm=2-3; tmax=8; Fec=3).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.62 [1.61, 44.76] mg/100g; Iron = 0.433 [0.105, 1.215] mg/100g; Protein = 22.5 [19.7, 24.7] %; Omega3 = 0.127 [0.051, 0.297] g/100g; Selenium = 32.8 [8.5, 90.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 44.4 [14.6, 133.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.637 [0.305, 1.261] mg/100g (wet weight);
