Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser demersal; tiefenbereich 22 - 385 m (Ref. 58489). Temperate
Southwest Pacific: restricted to New Zealand (Ref. 9258).
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 126633); common length : 30.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9258)
Inhabits shallow waters, generally at depth of less than 50 m. Found to depth of 385 m (Ref. 27073). Juveniles gather in sheltered inshore waters, such as estuarine areas, shallow mudflats and sandflats, where they remain for up to two years (Ref. 9072).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Amaoka, K., K. Matsuura T. Inada, M. Takeda, H. Hatanaka and K. Okada (eds.), 1990. Fishes collected by the R/V Shinkai Maru around New Zealand. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 410 p. (Ref. 27073)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja
Mehr Information
NamenSynonymeMetabolismusRäuberÖkotoxikologieFortpflanzungGeschlechtsreifeAblaichenSpawning aggregationFecundityEierEientwicklung
ReferenzenAquakulturAquakultur ProfilZuchtlinienGenetikElectrophoresesVererbbarkeitKrankheitenVerarbeitungNutrientsMass conversion
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.5 - 16, mean 13.3 °C (based on 59 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.00786 - 0.04213), b=2.97 (2.76 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.29 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 280 [80, 681] mg/100g; Iron = 0.485 [0.198, 1.252] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.1, 17.6] %; Omega3 = 0.611 [0.202, 1.952] g/100g; Selenium = 6.73 [1.96, 21.43] μg/100g; VitaminA = 111 [17, 691] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.45 [0.78, 2.60] mg/100g (wet weight);
