分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 21 - 40 m (Ref. 5222). 亞熱帶的; 33°N - 13°S, 118°W - 76°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Peru, including Revillagigedo and Galapagos Islands, Cocos Island, Clipperton Island.
東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯，包括雷維拉吉哥多島與加拉巴哥群島，可可島，克利珀頓島。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5222); 最大體重: 12.5 kg (Ref. 4699)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 18 - 20; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: body depth, 2.1-2.5 in SL; dorsal profile of head is steep; eye diameter less than snout length, 5.2-8.0 in HL; short pectoral fins, length 18-26% of SL; rounded caudal fin; smooth scales, mostly covered by skin; lateral line scales 62-67 (Ref. 089707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
A diurnal predator that feeds on small benthic fishes and occasionally on crustaceans. Often it uses browsing herbivorous fishes as a moving blind in order to feed on the cryptic fauna disturbed by these browsers; it will also follow foraging moray eels to catch the fishes frightened from their hiding places. Small juveniles have been seen hiding among the long spines of the dark-colored sea urchin, Centrostephanus coronatus.
一個日行性掠食者捕食小型底棲的魚與偶然地吃甲殼動物。 時常它使用草食性魚類作為一個移動的掩飾為了吃善於隱藏的動物相擾亂的這些吃草動物; 它也會跟隨覓食海鰻捕捉來自他們的藏身處的被驚嚇的魚。 小的稚魚曾經見到在深色海膽， Centrostephanus coronatus 的長棘之中藏。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯，包括雷維拉吉哥多島與加拉巴哥群島，可可島，克利珀頓島。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 June 2017
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 23 - 26.3, mean 24.6 °C (based on 7 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00553 - 0.02385), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.4 [7.5, 27.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.458 [0.229, 0.802] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.6, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.193 [0.111, 0.339] g/100g; Selenium = 16.7 [7.6, 35.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 71.9 [22.3, 259.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.509 [0.328, 0.786] mg/100g (wet weight);
