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Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Ariidae (Sea catfishes) > Ariinae
Etymology: Cathorops: Greek, kathorao = to observe, to watch + Greek, ops = appearance (Ref. 45335); spixii: The name is dedicated to the ichthyologist of the 19th century, J.B. de Spix (Ref. 35381).
More on author: Agassiz.
Issue
Taylor & Menezes (1977) indicate that two or more species may be included here.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 1 - 50 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical; 13°N - 23°S, 77°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Atlantic and Caribbean rivers and estuaries from Colombia to Brazil.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 16.4, range 10 - 22.4 cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3265); common length : 20.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3265); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 97.50 g (Ref. 118626)
3 pairs of barbels on rostral region, 2 pairs on lower jaw, 1 pair on posterior end of maxilla; body dark brown or black dorsally, pale yellow ventrally; fin membranes brown, with small black spots (Ref. 13608). Head is widely flattened from above, nostril rounded, mouth inferior. The cephalic surface hardly reaches the level of the eyes (Ref. 35381).
Found in shallow coastal marine waters and brackish estuaries, lagoons and river mouths. Also in hypersaline waters (Ref. 5217). Feeds mainly on invertebrates and small fishes. Juveniles feed on amphipods, isopods and copepods (Ref. 35381). Flesh considered good quality (Ref. 5217). Sold locally.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Marceniuk, A.P. and C.J. Ferraris Jr., 2003. Ariidae (Sea catfishes). p. 447-455. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 39852)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Traumatogenic (Ref. 58010)
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य
साधन
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.9 - 28.2, mean 27.4 °C (based on 118 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00611 - 0.00858), b=3.04 (2.99 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 122 [59, 299] mg/100g; Iron = 1 [1, 2] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [15, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.267 [0.142, 0.513] g/100g; Selenium = 44.3 [21.0, 99.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.5 [12.6, 116.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.71 [1.12, 2.74] mg/100g (wet weight);