Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut batipelagis; nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 700 - 3000 m (Ref. 4463), usually 2000 - ? m (Ref. 117245). Deep-water; 66°N - 62°S, 180°W - 180°E
Eastern Atlantic: scattered records from 65°30'N, 30°30'W (Ref. 4769) to Namibia; also off Cape Point, South Africa (Ref. 3991). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Western Central Atlantic: between 20°N and 5°S. Austral Atlantic and Pacific: between 30° to 35°S.
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 4769); 20.0 cm SL (female)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11 - 15; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 22 - 26. Black in color (Ref. 3991). Few enlarged teeth on the roof of the mouth. Fewer anal rays and more gill rakers. Body compressed and photophores extremely small (Ref. 37473).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Bathypelagic (Ref. 58426). There is marked stratification of size with depth and no diel vertical migrations (Ref. 4769). Initial photophore develops at about 1.1 cm SL (Ref. 4769). Feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 58426).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Sex reversal at about 5-10 cm SL (Ref. 4769). Some males become super males, apparently not undergoing sex reversal and are principal spawners (Ref. 4769). Females spawn at about 11 cm SL (Ref. 4769). Males macrosmatic, females microsmatic (Ref. 4769).
Badcock, J., 1984. Gonostomatidae. p. 284-301. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 1. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4769)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: tidak ada kepentingan
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 2.9 - 4.8, mean 3.7 °C (based on 1424 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00172 - 0.00881), b=2.99 (2.79 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.9 [6.1, 114.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.387 [0.110, 1.268] mg/100g; Protein = 2.65 [0.00, 6.57] %; Omega3 = 0.197 [0.057, 0.678] g/100g; Selenium = 10.5 [3.1, 44.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 44.9 [5.2, 373.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.694 [0.309, 1.728] mg/100g (wet weight);