Environment: milieu / climate zone / distribuzione batimetrica / distribution range
Ecologia
marino batipelagico; non migratori; distribuzione batimetrica 700 - 3000 m (Ref. 4463), usually 2000 - ? m (Ref. 117245). Deep-water; 66°N - 62°S, 180°W - 180°E
Eastern Atlantic: scattered records from 65°30'N, 30°30'W (Ref. 4769) to Namibia; also off Cape Point, South Africa (Ref. 3991). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951). Western Central Atlantic: between 20°N and 5°S. Austral Atlantic and Pacific: between 30° to 35°S.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturità: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4769); 20.0 cm SL (female)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 11 - 15; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 22 - 26. Black in color (Ref. 3991). Few enlarged teeth on the roof of the mouth. Fewer anal rays and more gill rakers. Body compressed and photophores extremely small (Ref. 37473).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Bathypelagic (Ref. 58426). There is marked stratification of size with depth and no diel vertical migrations (Ref. 4769). Initial photophore develops at about 1.1 cm SL (Ref. 4769). Feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 58426).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Sex reversal at about 5-10 cm SL (Ref. 4769). Some males become super males, apparently not undergoing sex reversal and are principal spawners (Ref. 4769). Females spawn at about 11 cm SL (Ref. 4769). Males macrosmatic, females microsmatic (Ref. 4769).
Badcock, J., 1984. Gonostomatidae. p. 284-301. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 1. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4769)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: di nessun interesse
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Fonte Biblio.
123201): 2.9 - 4.8, mean 3.7 °C (based on 1424 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00172 - 0.00881), b=2.99 (2.79 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.9 [6.1, 114.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.387 [0.110, 1.268] mg/100g; Protein = 2.65 [0.00, 6.57] %; Omega3 = 0.197 [0.057, 0.678] g/100g; Selenium = 10.5 [3.1, 44.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 44.9 [5.2, 373.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.694 [0.309, 1.728] mg/100g (wet weight);