分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 30 - 400 m (Ref. 5222). 深水域; 35°N - 3°S, 98°W - 58°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, North Carolina (USA), Florida (USA), Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, Cuba, Yucatan (Mexico), Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Leeward islands to Trinidad. Eastern Pacific: Galapagos Islands.
西大西洋: 百慕達群島，北卡羅萊那州 (美國) ，佛羅里達 (美國) ，墨西哥灣，巴哈馬，古巴，尤卡坦半島 (墨西哥) ，牙買加，波多黎各，維京群島, 與背風群島到千里達。 東太平洋: 加拉巴哥群島。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 160 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3244); 100.0 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 107.0 kg (Ref. 3244)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 14 - 15; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 9. With 8 or 9 regular vertical darker brown bars on side. The only grouper in the Caribbean with a pattern of regular dark bars (Ref. 26938). Further distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body buff; blackish brown pelvic fins; prominent blackish brown maxillary streak on the cheek along upper edge of the maxilla; depth of body contained 2.4-2.9 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.5 times in SL; convex interorbital area; rounded preopercle angle, with enlarged serrae, 1-2 small serrae at lower edge, just in front of the angle; serrate interopercle and subopercle; posterior nostrils greatly enlarged, diameter is 4 or more times larger than anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
8 或在側邊上的 9條規則的垂直深褐色的橫帶。 在加勒比海的唯一的鱸科魚類具有一個一般黑的橫帶圖案。 (參考文獻 26938)
A solitary (Ref. 26340), deep-water species reported from 100-400 m; juveniles sometimes in water as shallow as 30 m. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans, and squids (Ref. 89707). Virtually nothing is known of the age, growth, and reproduction of this species. Marketed fresh.
一種獨居性 (參考文獻 26340), 深水域種記錄自 100-400 公尺了; 有時在水淺至 30 公尺的稚魚。 吃魚，甲殼動物與烏賊。 事實上這種的年齡，成長與繁殖一無所知。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 百慕達群島，北卡羅萊那州 (美國) ，佛羅里達 (美國) ，墨西哥灣，巴哈馬，古巴，尤卡坦半島 (墨西哥) ，牙買加，波多黎各，維京群島, 與背風群島到千里達。 東太平洋: 加拉巴哥群島。
Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 16.8 - 26.1, mean 21.7 °C (based on 68 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00621 - 0.02932), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.5 [5.1, 24.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.287 [0.135, 0.621] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.9, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.342 [0.178, 0.655] g/100g; Selenium = 21 [9, 49] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.34 [1.56, 44.48] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.266 [0.183, 0.408] mg/100g (wet weight);
