Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien bathydemersaal; diepte 30 - 400 m (Ref. 5222). Deep-water; 35°N - 3°S, 98°W - 58°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, North Carolina (USA), Florida (USA), Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, Cuba, Yucatan (Mexico), Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Leeward islands to Trinidad. Eastern Pacific: Galapagos Islands.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 160 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3244); 100.0 cm TL (female); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 107.0 kg (Ref. 3244)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 14 - 15; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 8 - 9. With 8 or 9 regular vertical darker brown bars on side. The only grouper in the Caribbean with a pattern of regular dark bars (Ref. 26938). Further distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body buff; blackish brown pelvic fins; prominent blackish brown maxillary streak on the cheek along upper edge of the maxilla; depth of body contained 2.4-2.9 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.5 times in SL; convex interorbital area; rounded preopercle angle, with enlarged serrae, 1-2 small serrae at lower edge, just in front of the angle; serrate interopercle and subopercle; posterior nostrils greatly enlarged, diameter is 4 or more times larger than anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
A solitary (Ref. 26340), deep-water species reported from 100-400 m; juveniles sometimes in water as shallow as 30 m. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans, and squids (Ref. 89707). Virtually nothing is known of the age, growth, and reproduction of this species. Marketed fresh.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.8 - 26.1, mean 21.7 °C (based on 68 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01349 (0.00612 - 0.02972), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.5 [5.1, 24.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.287 [0.135, 0.621] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.9, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.342 [0.178, 0.655] g/100g; Selenium = 21 [9, 49] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.34 [1.56, 44.48] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.266 [0.183, 0.408] mg/100g (wet weight);
