分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Molecular studies by Craig & Hasting (2007: Ref. 83414) and Ma et al. (2018: Ref. 119507) placed this species in the genus Cephalopholis.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 8 - 100 m (Ref. 9710), usually 10 - 66 m (Ref. 13442). 亞熱帶的; 35°N - 28°S, 98°W - 10°E (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Atlantic: Ascension Island and Gulf of Guinea islands of Principe, São Tomé, and Annobon. Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Campeche Bank, and throughout the Caribbean (except in northern Bahamas) to Sao Paulo, Brazil.
東大西洋: 阿森松島與普林西比島，聖多美與安諾本的幾內亞灣島。 西大西洋: 百慕達群島，佛羅里達，墨西哥灣， Campeche 堤岸, 與在加勒比海 (除了巴哈馬北部) 各處對聖保羅巴西。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26938); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2739)
背棘 (總數) : 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 17 - 19; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 10. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Head short (less than 35% of SL) (Ref. 26938); head and body reddish brown, paler ventrally; bright orange-red spot at the upper end of the pectoral-fin base; 3 widely spaced white spots between lateral line and dorsal-fin base; 2 blue lines on the cheek, one approximately horizontal and tangential to the lower edge of the eye, other along the upper edge of maxilla and continued onto the lower part of the cheek; depth of body contained 2.9-3.4 times in SL; subangular preopercle, vertical edge and rear half of lower edge finely serrate; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
頭部短 (少於 35% 的 SL).(參考文獻 26938)
Inhabits coral reefs and hard bottom areas. Observed in feeding aggregations well above the reef. Feeds mainly in midwater on zooplankton (copepods, pelagic tunicates, shrimps and shrimp larvae). Retreats instantly when alarmed (Ref. 9710).
棲息於珊瑚礁與堅硬的底部區域。 在覓食群集觀察在相當上面距離礁。 吃在浮游動物 (橈腳類的動物，大洋性被囊類，蝦與蝦仔魚) 上主要在中層水域。 當危險警報，立即地撤退。 (參考文獻 9710)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 阿森松島與普林西比島，聖多美與安諾本的幾內亞灣島。 西大西洋: 百慕達群島，佛羅里達，墨西哥灣， Campeche 堤岸, 與在加勒比海 (除了巴哈馬北部) 各處對聖保羅巴西。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 November 2017
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 21.2 - 28, mean 26.1 °C (based on 704 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00553 - 0.02385), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22-0.28).
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.66, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.3 [15.3, 61.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.617 [0.322, 1.132] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.227 [0.132, 0.392] g/100g; Selenium = 15.6 [7.6, 31.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 109 [35, 390] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.865 [0.557, 1.335] mg/100g (wet weight);
