分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Molecular studies by Craig & Hasting (2007: Ref. 83414) and Ma et al. (2018: Ref. 119507) placed this species in the genus Cephalopholis.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 8 - 100 m (Ref. 9710), usually 10 - 66 m (Ref. 13442). 亞熱帶的; 35°N - 28°S, 98°W - 10°E (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Atlantic: Ascension Island and Gulf of Guinea islands of Principe, São Tomé, and Annobon. Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Campeche Bank, and throughout the Caribbean (except in northern Bahamas) to Sao Paulo, Brazil.
東大西洋: 阿森松島與普林西比島，聖多美與安諾本的幾內亞灣島。 西大西洋: 百慕達群島，佛羅里達，墨西哥灣， Campeche 堤岸, 與在加勒比海 (除了巴哈馬北部) 各處對聖保羅巴西。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26938); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2739)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 17 - 19; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 10. Distinguished by the following characteristics: Head short (less than 35% of SL) (Ref. 26938); head and body reddish brown, paler ventrally; bright orange-red spot at the upper end of the pectoral-fin base; 3 widely spaced white spots between lateral line and dorsal-fin base; 2 blue lines on the cheek, one approximately horizontal and tangential to the lower edge of the eye, other along the upper edge of maxilla and continued onto the lower part of the cheek; depth of body contained 2.9-3.4 times in SL; subangular preopercle, vertical edge and rear half of lower edge finely serrate; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
头部短 (少于 35% 的 SL).(参考文献 26938)
Inhabits coral reefs and hard bottom areas. Observed in feeding aggregations well above the reef. Feeds mainly in midwater on zooplankton (copepods, pelagic tunicates, shrimps and shrimp larvae). Retreats instantly when alarmed (Ref. 9710).
栖息于珊瑚礁与坚硬的底部区域。 在觅食群集观察在相当上面距离礁。 吃在浮游动物 (桡脚类的动物，大洋性被囊类，虾与虾仔鱼) 上主要在中层水域。 当危险警报，立即地撤退。 (参考文献 9710)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 阿森松島與普林西比島，聖多美與安諾本的幾內亞灣島。 西大西洋: 百慕達群島，佛羅里達，墨西哥灣， Campeche 堤岸, 與在加勒比海 (除了巴哈馬北部) 各處對聖保羅巴西。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 自给性渔业; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性; 诱饵: usually
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特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 21.2 - 28, mean 26.1 °C (based on 704 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00553 - 0.02385), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22-0.28).
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.66, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.3 [15.3, 61.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.617 [0.322, 1.132] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.8, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.227 [0.132, 0.392] g/100g; Selenium = 15.6 [7.6, 31.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 109 [35, 390] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.865 [0.557, 1.335] mg/100g (wet weight);
