Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranquios (tiburones y rayas) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Peters.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino demersal. Tropical

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Eastern Central Pacific: from Gulf of California to Peru (Ref. 130539).

Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 9255)

In coastal waters, estuaries and lagoons, but occasionally also in greater depths. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador : McEachran, John | Colaboradores

McEachran, J.D., 1995. Gymnuridae. Rayas-mariposa, tuyos. p. 756-758. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9255)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Near Threatened (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 08 February 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesquerías: escaso valor comercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Fuentes de Internet

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00352 - 0.01710), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resiliencia (Ref. 120179): Muy bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo superior a 14 años (Fec assumed to be <10).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 57 [14, 281] mg/100g; Iron = 0.815 [0.205, 2.351] mg/100g; Protein = 21.9 [18.4, 24.8] %; Omega3 = 0.217 [0.056, 0.667] g/100g; Selenium = 28.6 [8.6, 94.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 41.2 [11.3, 143.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.50, 2.08] mg/100g (wet weight);

Gymnura crebripunctata (Peters, 1869)