Issue
Needs a taxonomic reference.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي. Tropical; 16°N - 20°S, 95°W - 71°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: southern Mexico to Peru and Chile, including the Galapagos Islands.
Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 114 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 111131)
Mainly coastal, benthic species with unknown biology (Ref. 114953). May reach 170 cm TL (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Chirichigno F., N., 1974. Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru. Inf. Inst. Mar. Perú (44):1-387. (Ref. 5530)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 18.6 - 28.6, mean 26.3 °C (based on 38 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00229 (0.00136 - 0.00385), b=3.11 (2.96 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (مرجع
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.6 [9.7, 166.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.724 [0.187, 2.089] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.5, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.138 [0.060, 0.317] g/100g; Selenium = 54.3 [13.8, 153.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.5 [4.3, 29.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.85 [0.42, 1.50] mg/100g (wet weight);
