分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Syngnathiformes (Pipefishes and seahorses)
海龍目 (Pipefishes and seahorses) >
Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and seahorses)
海龍科 (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathinae
Etymology: Hippocampus: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek,kampe = curvature (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 0 - 60 m (Ref. 52034). 亞熱帶的; 53°N - 7°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles to Guinea and the Mediterranean Sea
東大西洋: Wadden 海洋向南至幾內亞灣, 加納利群島而且沿著非洲岸邊到幾內亞。 也在地中海中。 國際間的買賣被監視過一個授權系統 ( 引用2, 自從 5.15.04 以後) ，而且一個 10 公分的最小大小應用。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 7.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6733)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 16 - 19. Description (based on 35 specimens): Adult height: 7.0-13.0cm. Rings: 11 + 37 (35-38). Snout length: 3.0 (2.8-3.4) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 17 (16-19) covering 2+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 14 (13-15). Coronet: narrow, ridge-like and joined smoothly to nape of neck, or wedge-shaped (front narrow, back high and broad); some specimens with very large angular coronet (especially specimens from West Africa). Spines: low, very low in adults. Other distinctive characters: very short snout (usually less than 1/3 head length) that is slightly upward-bent; prominent eye spine. Color pattern: mottled brown to yellow, to maroon and rust (Refs. 52034, 89230); also orange, purple or black; sometimes with tiny white dots, but these do not coalesce into thick horizontal wavy lines as in H. guttulatus.
描述:(以 35件標本為依據) 成魚的高度: 7.0-13.0 公分。 環: 11+37.(35-38) 吻的長度: 3.0(2.8-3.4) 分之一頭長。 背鰭鰭條: 17(16-19)個覆蓋 2+1個環。 胸鰭鰭條: 14.(13-15) 冠: 狹窄的, 像脊一樣的而且平滑地對脖子的後頸結合, 或楔形的;(在前面的狹窄, 背面高與寬的) 一些標本有非常大的有角冠。 (尤其來自非洲西方部的標本) 棘: 低的, 非常低的當成魚時。 其他的顯著特性: 非常短的吻;(通常少於 1/3個頭長) 突出的眼棘。 彩色斑紋: 褐色﹐橘色的﹐和紫色或黑色的; 有時有極小的白色點, 但是這些不合併成厚的水平波浪狀的線當在 H. guttulatus 中.
Inhabits dense, complex habitats as well as patchy, relatively open and sparse habitats of coastal areas. Found on soft bottoms amongst rocks and algae (Ref. 6733), on sparsely vegetated areas, and in coastal lagoons with strong oceanic influences (Refs. 52034, 89230). Mimics the green or yellow coloration of plants allowing it to hide among the vegetation. This ability likely plays a role in seahorse feeding strategy and in predator avoidance (Ref. 52034). Makes limited daily movements within very restricted home ranges (0.7-18.1 m2) (Refs. 52034, 89256). May over-winter in deeper water. (Ref. 53712). Adult dispersal over large distances is probably caused by strong wave action during storms or when it anchors itself to floating debris (Ref. 52034).
Is thought to live for 3-5 years (Ref. 52034). Because of its short generation time and multiple breeding cycles during each spawning season, resilience is thought to be high. However, in tropical areas where seagrass beds are regularly exploited for other species of seahorses for the aquarium trade, traditional medicine, etc., populations have been quickly eradicated (Ref. 89253). Feeds on small prey and organic debris. Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35416). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128812.
大部份在藻類之中的沿岸淺水區水域中生存。 (參考文獻 6733) 可以在較深的水域中過冬。 吃小的獵物與有機的殘礫。 它擬態讓它藏在植物之中的植物的綠色或者黃色顏色。 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 205) 與所有的海馬，卵的孵育相較發生於發現於雄性的尾部的前面的一個袋的小袋.(參考文獻 5377) 曾經後面在繁殖場.(參考文獻 35416)
Ovoviviparous, with the female depositing eggs into the male brood pouch. During the mating season, mature males and females have been observed to change hue, i.e., become brighter, when greeting, courting, or mating (Ref. 88171). Newly hatched young are thought to have a planktonic stage that lasts at least eight weeks (Refs. 47822, 52034).東大西洋: Wadden 海洋向南至幾內亞灣, 加納利群島而且沿著非洲岸邊到幾內亞。 也在地中海中。 國際間的買賣被監視過一個授權系統 ( 引用2, 自從 5.15.04 以後) ，而且一個 10 公分的最小大小應用。
Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster, 2016. A global revision of the seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.9 - 26.5, mean 17.8 °C (based on 304 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00282 (0.00163 - 0.00487), b=2.96 (2.80 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tm=0.3-0.4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 191 [40, 725] mg/100g; Iron = 2.42 [0.86, 8.49] mg/100g; Protein = 3.35 [0.00, 7.22] %; Omega3 = 0.283 [0.105, 0.775] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [6.5, 111.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.88 [1.39, 24.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.46 [0.69, 2.95] mg/100g (wet weight);
