分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Sarpa: Spanish, sarpo, sapo = toad; a toad-fish (1753) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 70 m (Ref. 3688). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 40°S, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay and Strait of Gibraltar to Sierra Leone, including Madeira, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde; Congo to South Africa. Also present in the Mediterranean.
東大西洋: 比斯開灣與直布羅陀海峽到賽拉里昂, 包括馬得拉群島，加納利群島與維德角; 剛果到南非。 也出現在地中海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 16.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4781)
背棘 (总数) : 11 - 12; 背的软条 (总数) : 14 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 13 - 15. Black spot at the pectoral fin base. Body relatively slender with 10 golden longitudinal stripes (Ref. 35388).
在胸鳍基底的黑色斑点。 身体相当细长的与 10条金的纵向斑纹.(参考文献 35388)
Found over rocky substrates and sandy area with algal growth. Gregarious, sometimes forming sizeable schools. Young mainly carnivorous on crustaceans, adults almost exclusively herbivorous (Ref. 4781), feed on seaweeds (Ref. 36731). Protandric hermaphrodite (Ref. 4781). Tasty when fresh, but easily softens and is not much esteemed (Ref. 3198).
发现在岩石的底部与沙的区域上了有海藻生长。 群居的, 有时形成可大小的鱼群。 幼鱼主要肉食性的吃甲壳动物, 成鱼几乎专门食草的 (参考文献 4781), 吃海草.(参考文献 36731) 雄性先熟的雌雄同体.(参考文献 4781) 好吃的新鲜时, 但是容易变软而不是不是很多的赞赏.(参考文献 3198)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Sex change occurs at 25.0 cm TL and 3.75 years of age (Ref. 55367). Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, including possible gonochorism (Ref. 103751). Also Ref. 28504.東大西洋: 比斯開灣與直布羅陀海峽到賽拉里昂, 包括馬得拉群島，加納利群島與維德角; 剛果到南非。 也出現在地中海。
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 诱饵: occasionally
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 24, mean 18.8 °C (based on 232 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.01109 - 0.01364), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=15; tm=2; K=0.20-.027;).
Prior r = 0.30, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.45, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 64 [31, 129] mg/100g; Iron = 0.921 [0.492, 1.748] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.253 [0.129, 0.524] g/100g; Selenium = 28.6 [13.5, 56.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.5 [3.3, 38.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.88, 1.85] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
