分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Urotrygonidae (American round stingrays)
Etymology: Urobatis: Greek,oura = tail + Greek, batis, batidos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 91 m (Ref. 12951), usually 1 - 21 m (Ref. 96339). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 7°N, 125°W - 79°W (Ref. 55315)
Eastern Pacific: northern California (USA) to Ecuador.
東太平洋: 美國加州北部的尤里卡到巴拿馬。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 24 cm
Max length : 58.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大體重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 4699)
Occurs on sand, rubbly or mud bottom off beaches and in bays and sloughs; near seagrasses, usually shallower than 15 m. Adult females profuce 2 litters of up to 6 pups per year (Ref. 2850, 114953), sometimes around rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Feeds on benthic invertebrates and small fishes.
出現於沙或泥底部外海的海灘與在海灣與泥坑 (參考文獻 2850) 中, 有時岩礁的周圍.(參考文獻 12951) 吃底棲的無脊椎動物與小魚。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Male grasps disc margin of female, flips under her, and inserts a clasper. Mating lasts about 5 minutes.東太平洋: 美國加州北部的尤里卡到巴拿馬。
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 November 2014
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.2 - 28.5, mean 23.6 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01108 - 0.04738), b=3.08 (2.89 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 18.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.1 [1.7, 269.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.7 [0.1, 8.3] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [15, 25] %; Omega3 = 0.187 [0.058, 0.564] g/100g; Selenium = 21 [4, 100] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.69 [0.62, 112.29] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.744 [0.051, 8.704] mg/100g (wet weight);
![Image of Urobatis halleri (Haller\](/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Urhal_u0.jpg "Image of Urobatis halleri (Haller\")
