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इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Urotrygonidae (American round stingrays)
Etymology: Urobatis: Greek,oura = tail + Greek, batis, batidos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 0 - 91 m (Ref. 12951), usually 1 - 21 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical; 43°N - 7°N, 125°W - 79°W (Ref. 55315)

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Eastern Pacific: northern California (USA) to Ecuador.

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - 24 cm
Max length : 58.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 40637); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 1.4 kg (Ref. 4699)

Occurs on sand, rubbly or mud bottom off beaches and in bays and sloughs; near seagrasses, usually shallower than 15 m. Adult females profuce 2 litters of up to 6 pups per year (Ref. 2850, 114953), sometimes around rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Feeds on benthic invertebrates and small fishes.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Male grasps disc margin of female, flips under her, and inserts a clasper. Mating lasts about 5 minutes.

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 November 2014

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; आखेट मत्स्य: हां

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Life cycle
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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 17.2 - 28.5, mean 23.6 °C (based on 60 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01108 - 0.04738), b=3.08 (2.89 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.

Generation time: 18.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (K=0.15).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 13.1 [1.7, 269.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.7 [0.1, 8.3] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [15, 25] %; Omega3 = 0.187 [0.058, 0.564] g/100g; Selenium = 21 [4, 100] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.69 [0.62, 112.29] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.744 [0.051, 8.704] mg/100g (wet weight);

Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863)