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Aulopiformes (Grinners) >
Paralepididae (Barracudinas)
Etymology: Magnisudis: Latin, magnus = large + Latin, sudis = esox, fish of the Rhine, cited by Plinius 9.15; it also means "stake" (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 4750 m (Ref. 58018). Deep-water; 69°N - 61°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal: From Arctic to Antarctic. Northwest Pacific: Bering Sea, Kamchatka and Kuril Islands (Ref. 41668). Eastern Pacific: southeast Alaska (59°N) to Chile (Ref. 35950). Western Atlantic: 38°N to the Gulf of Mexico, Bermuda, and the Caribbean Sea (Ref. 37039).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 56.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 557); common length : 43.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 4473)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9 - 12; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 20 - 24; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 60 - 69. Branchiostegal rays: 8.
Oceanic species of medium depth range. Large adults approach the coasts in temperate and polar zones (Ref. 35950). Meso- and bathypelagic (Ref. 58302). Spawns throughout the year in tropical and subtropical seas (Ref. 35388). Seems to spawn in the Sargasso Sea. Feed on small fishes and shrimps. Preyed upon by sharks, tuna, and whales.
Post, A., 1990. Paralepididae. p. 373-384. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4473)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 2 - 7.2, mean 3.8 °C (based on 2973 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00224 (0.00090 - 0.00555), b=3.14 (2.92 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.2 [10.6, 67.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.58 [0.21, 1.36] mg/100g; Protein = 15.3 [12.3, 17.7] %; Omega3 = 0.243 [0.077, 0.655] g/100g; Selenium = 28.7 [8.4, 79.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.9 [1.4, 44.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.347 [0.208, 0.564] mg/100g (wet weight);