Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser riff-verbunden; standorttreu; tiefenbereich 0 - 60 m (Ref. 89972). Tropical; 30°N - 20°S
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa (extending to Mossel Bay, South Africa, Ref. 5372) to the Hawaiian, Marquesan, and Ducie islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe and Rapa islands.
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm 13.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 129178)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 12 - 13; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 22 - 25; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 19 - 21.
May be seen in a variety of habitats ranging from rich coral reefs (Ref. 58652) to weedy and rubble covered areas (Ref. 1602). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Maybe found singly, in pairs, and in aggregations that roam over large distances in search of food. Feed mainly by tearing pieces from polychaetes, sea anemones, coral polyps, and algae (Ref. 1602). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884).
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 130160)
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Aquarium: Kommerziell
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 922 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02512 (0.01625 - 0.03883), b=2.98 (2.85 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (K = 1.5;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 93.2 [46.4, 155.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.905 [0.498, 1.574] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.126 [0.071, 0.224] g/100g; Selenium = 46.9 [24.0, 94.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30 [8, 113] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.26 [0.82, 1.89] mg/100g (wet weight);
