Issue
Genetic data indicate that it is a complex of species having apparently similar distribution ranges in the Indo-Pacific (Ref. 114224).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển; Nước ngọt; Thuộc về nước lợ Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Di cư sông biển (để đẻ trứng) (Ref. 46888); Mức độ sâu 0 - 3 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 35°N - 32°S, 28°E - 135°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, south to Transkei, South Africa (Ref. 4393) and east to the Hawaiian and Marquesan islands, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia and Norfolk Island (Ref. 8879) and Tuamotu Islands (Ref. 90102).
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 9710); common length : 40.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 5450); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 8.0 kg (Ref. 37816)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 5; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 8 - 9; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 3; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 9. Diagnosis: Characterized by having membranous, digitate posterior margin on scales; snout shorter than eye diameter; slender maxilla and weakly curved ventrally at posterior tip, partially or completely concealed; poorly developed adipose eyelid as rim around eye; preorbital weakly concave on anteroventral edge (Ref. 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Found in coastal waters but enters estuaries and rivers where they feed on microalgae, filamentous algae, forams, diatoms, and detritus associated with sand and mud (Ref. 9812). Form schools. Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Also caught using stakenets, barrier nets, and pouch nets during spawning; also taken as bycatch (Ref. 9812). Marketed fresh and perhaps salted, boiled (Thailand), canned or frozen (Australia); roe salted (Ref. 9812).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
Các công cụ
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Tài liệu tham khảo
123201): 25.2 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3155 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Tài liệu tham khảo
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01052 - 0.01374), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Tài liệu tham khảo
69278): 2.3 ±0.14 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Tài liệu tham khảo
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (K=0.23-0.28).
Prior r = 0.35, 95% CL = 0.23 - 0.53, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (82 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 53.4 [20.9, 168.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.614 [0.274, 1.463] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.2, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.145 [0.069, 0.311] g/100g; Selenium = 21.9 [11.0, 49.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 53.2 [11.9, 234.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.74 [1.10, 2.70] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
