分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 24 - 90 m (Ref. 11441). 熱帶; 27°N - 13°S, 39°E - 158°E (Ref. 5222)
Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Oman to Kenya, including Laccadive Islands, India, Sri Lanka, and the Andaman Islands. Not reported in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. Known also from Indonesia, Sarawak of Malaysia, New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and the Philippines.
印度-西太平洋: 阿曼灣到肯亞，包括印度的拉克代夫群島，斯里蘭卡, 與安達曼群島。 不在紅海與波斯灣報告。 也已知來自印尼，馬來西亞，新幾內亞，巴布亞新幾內亞，索羅門群島與菲律賓的砂勞越了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 41 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 89707); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大體重: 6.4 kg (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 17 - 19; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head, body and fins purplish grey to brownish grey; head with brown to golden brown dots and wavy longitudinal lines of the same colour on the dorsal part of the body (lines faint of absent on large specimens); narrowly blackish margin of spinous dorsal fin; body depth contained 2.7-3.1 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.7 times in SL; convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, notch above angle and enlarged serrae at angle; straight or slightly concave upper edge of operculum; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils or slightly larger posterior nostril; maxilla reaches to vertical at rear edge of eye; ventral edge of maxilla in adults with prominent knob or hook-like process; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
眼間隔凸狀; 前鰓蓋骨有角的, 具有一個在角落與鋸齒上面的凹槽增大的; 鰓蓋的上緣筆直地或些微地凹曲; 鼻孔幾乎相等的或後面的一些些微地增大了; 顎骨達到垂直的在眼睛後緣; 在顎骨的腹邊緣上成魚有一個突出的癤瘤或者鉤狀的突起。 (被上嘴唇蓋著了) 整體的色彩是帶紫色的灰色到灰褐色, 藉由在身體的背部部份上的在頭部與相同的顏色的縱向波浪線上的褐色到金褐色點; 刺狀的背鰭有狹窄的黑色邊緣。
Lives on muddy open substrate, seeking refuge in holes in the mud or with solid structures, shipwrecks or debris. A flighty species (Ref; 48635). Also found on banks (Ref. 5222). Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (stomatopods), shrimps, and pelagic tunicates (Thalia and Pyrosoma sp.) (Ref. 5222). Solitary (Ref 90102).
生活在被在泥中的洞中尋找藏身處或者有堅硬的結構，遇難船或殘礫的泥濘的開放性的底層。 一個容易受驚的種 (參考文獻; 48635)。 也發現於淺堆。 (參考文獻 5222) 吃小魚與甲殼動物 (口足目甲殼類) ，蝦與大洋性被囊類 ( 泰麗亞 與 Pyrosoma sp.) 。 (參考文獻 5222)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 阿曼灣到肯亞，包括印度的拉克代夫群島，斯里蘭卡, 與安達曼群島。 不在紅海與波斯灣報告。 也已知來自印尼，馬來西亞，新幾內亞，巴布亞新幾內亞，索羅門群島與菲律賓的砂勞越了。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.9 - 28.6, mean 27.5 °C (based on 499 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00423 - 0.01239), b=2.93 (2.79 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
