Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and Persian Gulf to South Africa, east along the continental shores to western Pacific, from Japan to Australia (Ref. 11441). Southeast Atlantic: south coast of South Africa.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 559)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 11 - 13; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 10 - 12. Body covered with prickles. Prickles on back extending from nape to caudal peduncle (Ref. 559).
Mainly marine, occasionally enters estuaries (Ref. 4833). Occurs over sandy bottoms, often on coastal reefs; feeds on a variety of marine invertebrates (Ref. 68964).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Smith, M.M. and P.C. Heemstra, 1986. Tetraodontidae. p. 894-903. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4919)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Poisonous to eat (Ref. 559)
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van geen belang; Aquarium: Commercieel
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.8 - 28.4, mean 26.7 °C (based on 1253 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02239 (0.01375 - 0.03645), b=2.86 (2.73 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).