Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal). Tropical; 11°N - 8°S, 77°W - 34°W
South America: Gulf of Paria to Pernambuco, Brazil.
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 97.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5217); common length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5217); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5217); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 5 Tahun (Ref. 51994)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 1. The head is rounded and flattened on the upper part. The mouth is slightly inferior. It has 3 pairs of barbels (1 pair of maxillary barbels and 2 pairs of mandibular barbels. The cephalic surface is very rough (Ref. 35381).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Confined chiefly to turbid waters in estuaries and the lower parts of rivers. Its delicate flesh is highly valued (Ref. 27188). Two annual cycles of slower growth are know during the two dry seasons (March and August to November). Probably has a short life span. In the beginning of reproduction, the male's mouth changes to function as a egg repository (buccal incubation). The female lays down her eggs in a sandy depression, then after fertilization, the male puts the eggs into its mouth which is provided with ventilation until hatching. Eggs diameter is about 2 mm and its number varies from 100 to 165 per female. Feeds mainly on crustaceans (Ref. 35381). Marketed fresh and salted.
Distinct pairing. Mouth brooding may be employed (Ref. 205).
Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Traumatogenic (Ref. 58010)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00415 - 0.01101), b=3.15 (3.01 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.9 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K = 0.45; tmax = 5).
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
🛈
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 107 [59, 230] mg/100g; Iron = 1.07 [0.66, 1.81] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.6, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.166 [0.093, 0.303] g/100g; Selenium = 77.1 [39.1, 154.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.43 [3.64, 19.18] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.966 [0.654, 1.447] mg/100g (wet weight);
