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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Eponymy: Rev Dr Christoph Samuel John (1747–1813) was a botanist and herpetologist and a medical missionary (1771–1813) at the Danish trading station of Tranquebar (now Tharangambadi), Tamil Nadu, not far from Madras (Chennai). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau bentopelagis. Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: Bay of Bengal to Borneo and Java, and north to Viet Nam.
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 10.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 9772); common length : 8.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 9772)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10 - 12; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 28 - 31; Duri dubur: 2; Sirip dubur lunak: 6 - 8. Eye large, about 30 % of head length; mental pores in 3 pairs, the first open at front of chin, separated by symphysis; teeth well differentiated into large and small in both jaws. Gill rakers slender, equal to or slightly shorter than gill filaments at angle of arch, 14 to 17 on lower limb. Second anal spine long , stiff, 40 to 50 % of head length. Swim bladder hammer-shaped, with about 13 pairs of arborescent appendages along its sides, the first entering head beyond transverse septum and sending a palmate branch to the front of pectoral arch. Sagitta (large earstone) with a tadpole-shaped impression, the head of which has its long axis lying obliquely to that of sagitta and the tail expanded and deepened as a hallow cone connected with the head by a narrow groove.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabits shallow coastal waters, estuaries and rivers (Ref. 9772).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Sasaki, K., 2001. Sciaenidae. Croakers (drums). p.3117-3174. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2791-3380. (Ref. 9772)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: tidak ada kepentingan
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 27.3 - 29.2, mean 28.5 °C (based on 906 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00412 - 0.01928), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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